论英国小说中异族他者形象的嬗变:从《鲁滨逊漂流记》到《尤利西斯》再到《长日留痕》  

On the Metamorphosis of the Images of “the Other” in British Novels

作　　者：申富英[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学外国语学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《外国文学》2015年第6期117-123,160,共7页Foreign Literature

基　　金：教育部"新世纪优秀人才支持计划";国家社科项目"詹姆斯.乔伊斯作品幽灵叙事形式研究"(13BWW043)

摘　　要：英国小说中异族"他者"形象的发展经历了三个阶段:在18世纪启蒙时期,英国人是他者化异族的主体,他者是被教化、启蒙、驯化、管制的客体;在20世纪前期,英国人似乎意识到自己的主体地位和异族的客体地位可能被置换,他者和自我可以互相审视、互为映像;在多元文化时代,英国人变成被他者化的客体,他们以异族人的目光去审视自己的"英国性",并试图主动修正自己民族特质中不合时宜的部分。英国启蒙主义的代表作《鲁滨逊漂流记》、现代主义文学的高峰《尤利西斯》和多元文化的经典《长日留痕》则典型地反映了这种嬗变过程。The images of'the other'in British novels in the racial or national sense have undergone three stages.During the Enlightenment,the British were the subject constructing the images of other races or nations as'the other'while'the other'was the object to be taught,enlightened,tamed and administrated.In the early 20 th century,the British seemed to become aware that their own subjectivity and the others'objectivity might be turned into each other.'The other'and 'the self'might examine and reflect each other.In the multicultural era,the British have become the object to be made into'the other'.They consciously take the perspective of the other to examine their own'Englishness'and actively try to remedy some dated elements in their national character.This metamorphosis in the three stages can be typically reflected in Robinson Crusoe,the representative of British Enlightenment,Ulysses,the monument of Modernism,and The Remains of the Day,the canon of multi-culture.

关 键 词：《鲁滨逊漂流记》《尤利西斯》《长日留痕》 他者形象 嬗变 

分 类 号：I561[文学—其他各国文学] G0[文化科学]