不同氮肥用量和氮钾配比对济源烤烟生长和品质性状的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application amount and ratio of nitrogen to potassium on the growth and quality traits of Jiyuan flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：郝浩浩 薛立新[2] 许自成[1] 吴彦辉[1] 许仪[2] 金磊[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省烟草公司济源市公司,河南济源454650

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2015年第5期88-93,共6页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：河南省烟草公司科技攻关项目(HYKJ2011M01;HYKJ201043)

摘　　要：采用田间试验与室内分析相结合的方法,以‘中烟100’为供试材料,研究了不同氮肥用量和氮钾配比对济源烤烟生长、单叶质量、中部叶有机钾指数及致香物质的影响.结果表明:1)当施氮量相同(施用氮肥75kg/hm2)时,随氮钾比例的升高成熟期叶干质量、单叶质量、中部叶致香物质均呈先增加后减少趋势,中部叶有机钾指数则随氮钾比例的升高先减小后增加;当氮钾比例相同(N∶K=1∶5)时,随氮肥施用量增加单叶质量、中部叶有机钾指数及致香物质呈先增加后减少的趋势,成熟期叶干质量随氮肥施用量的增加而增加.2)施用纯氮60kg/hm2,N∶K2O=1∶5与施用纯氮75kg/hm2,N∶K2O=1∶5处理能显著提高烤烟单叶质量、中部叶钾含量及致香物质含量,施用纯氮60kg/hm2,N∶K2O=1∶5处理能显著提高中部叶有机钾指数.3)济源王屋烟区生产上保持氮钾比不变,适量减少氮素的施用量(施氮量由75kg/hm2降至60kg/hm2),能够起到控氮、稳钾、降硫、稳产、提高烟叶品质的作用.Through field trials and laboratory analysis,the effects of different nitrogen application amount and ratio of nitrogen to potassium on the growth,single leaf weight,the middle leaves organic potassium index and neutral aroma constituents of flue-cured tobacco‘Zhongyan 100＇were studied.The results showed as follows：1）Under the same application amount of nitrogen（75kg/hm2）,the dry weight of the leaves,single leaf weight,middle leaves neutral aroma constituents in maturity stage increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of the nitrogen to potassium ratio,but the organic potassium index of middle leaves decreased firstly and then increased.Under the same ratio of nitrogen to potassium（N∶K=1∶5）,single leaf weight,the middle leaves organic potassium index and neutral aroma constituents increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of nitrogen application amount,but the dry weight of theleaves in maturity stage keeping increaed.2）The treatments of 60kg/hm2 nitrogen,N∶K2O = 1∶5with 75kg/hm2 nitrogen,N∶K2O=1∶5could significantly simprove single leaf weight,potassium content and neutral aroma constituents of middle leaves,while the treatment of 60kg/hm2 nitrogen,N∶K2O = 1∶5could significantly improve the organic potassium index of middle leaves.3）Keeping the same ratio of nitrogen to potassium,and reducing the nitrogen application amount（from 75kg/hm2 down to 60kg/hm2）,could control nitrogen,stable potassium,sulfur reduction,stable yields,and improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco in Wangwu tobacco growing area of Jiyuan.

关 键 词：烤烟 氮肥 氮钾配比 有机钾指数 致香物质 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]