清代的医病矛盾与医家应对  

Market,Ethic and Society: Contradictions between Doctors and Sufferers and Doctors' Response

作　　者：张田生[1] 

机构地区：[1]渭南师范学院人文与社会发展学院,陕西渭南714099

出　　处：《福建师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2015年第6期144-153,172,共10页Journal of Fujian Normal University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目"清代瘟病知识的建构与江南社会研究"(14BZS120);陕西省教育厅项目(12JK0228);渭南师范学院人才基金项目"明清秦东医疗与地方社会"(15SKRC03)

摘　　要：高昂的医价是引发清代医病矛盾的重要因素之一。在放任自由的清代医疗市场中,医价自由上涨,名医对厚酬的追求和富贵病家的重金延医,成为医价上涨的两大推力。高医价给广大社会下层病家就医带来的困难,严重污损了医家的群体形象,引发了医病之间的矛盾和冲突。一些医家通过降低医价、免费为贫穷病家治病、优先治疗贫穷病家等道德努力,缓和了医病矛盾,改善了医病关系。医家的个人道德之所以能对医疗市场进行调节,当时的社会文化起着十分重要的作用。政府对医疗市场的不作为给医家的道德努力制造了充足的空间,劝善运动为医家提供了强大的精神动力。道德对市场的调节是清代医疗市场的特点。High medical price was one of the most important factors which caused contradictions between sufferers and doctors. Medical price went up freely in the completely free medical market. Doctors' pursuit of high reward and paying heavily for doctors by rich sufferers were the two big power of medical price. High price brought difficulty to countless sufferers in the lower stratum and seriously damaged to doctors' image.Therefore,contradictions and conflicts between doctors and sufferers came into being. To defuse contradictions and better relationship between doctors and sufferers,some doctors cut down medical price,treated poor sufferers freely,and gave priority to cure poor sufferers and so on. Doctors' ethic could adjust medical market because the following social factors in Qing dynasty played an important role. The nonfeasance of government toward medical market provided enough space for doctors' ethical effort. The movement of virtuous persuasion brought doctors strongly psychic power. The ethical adjustment for market was character of medical market in Qing dynasty.

关 键 词：清代 道德 医价 医病矛盾 社会 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生]