新型防撞垫安全性能仿真与试验  

Safety Performance Simulation and Test on a New Type of Crash Cushion

作　　者：赵永成 李勇[2] 贾宁[2] 张宏松[2] 

机构地区：[1]二秦高速公路管理处,张家口市075000 [2]交通运输部公路科学研究院,北京市100088

出　　处：《公路》2015年第11期210-215,共6页Highway

摘　　要：为降低公路交通分流处车辆碰撞护栏端部事故的严重性,结合对防撞垫缓冲吸能原理的分析,设计出一种新型防撞垫结构,通过有限元仿真模拟和实车碰撞试验进行防撞垫安全性能分析与评价。结果表明:设计的防撞垫结构能够防护1.5t的小客车以60km/h速度正面碰撞,碰撞后车辆安全停止,停车位置满足导向驶出框要求,防撞垫的变形形态符合设计预想的缓冲吸能机理,乘员碰撞速度、乘员碰撞后加速度以及假人测试结果均满足乘员风险指标要求,试验结果和仿真结果具有较好的一致性,部分量化指标的误差在10%以内。研究结果为设计人员提供了一种可供选择的防撞垫结构,应用后必将提高公路交通分流处的安全防护水平。In order to reduce accident severity caused by vehicles impacting with barrier at highway traffic diversion, a new type of crash cushion has been designed combining with analysis on the principle of buffer and energy absorption. Safety performance of this crash cushion is analyzed and evaluated by conducting finite element analysis and full-scale impact test. The results indicate that： this crash cushion can absorb kinetic energy of a 1.5-ton car with speed of 60km/h in frontal impact, the car stops safely after impact and stop position meets the requirements of exit box, deformation of the crash cushion can comply with the design idea of buffer and energy absorption, the occupant impact velocity, occupant ride down acceleration and test results of dummies all meet the requirements of occupants risk assessment, and the simulation results are coincident with those of test and the errors of some quantitative index are less than 10%. This research provides designers with a selection of crash cushion and the application will improve the safety level of highway traffic diversion area.

关 键 词：交通工程 防撞垫 实车碰撞试验 有限元仿真模拟 安全性能 

分 类 号：U417.12[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]