空间尺度下公众对环境保护的支付意愿度量方法及实证研究  

Methods for measuring public willingness to pay for environmental conservation and empirical research under spatial scale

作　　者：敖长林[1] 高丹[1] 毛碧琦 范紫娟 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学管理科学与工程系,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《资源科学》2015年第11期2288-2298,共11页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71171044)

摘　　要：由于公众支付意愿(WTP)存在空间差异,以距离为依据,研究空间尺度下的CVM评价方法问题。通过构建WTP的空间滞后模型,结合Moran’s I指数和空间分割效应探讨WTP的空间作用关系,弥补了传统CVM模型在空间效应分析中的不足。针对二分式CVM数据是区间数据的特点,应用概率效用函数提出WTP空间滞后模型的参数估计方法。以松花江为例进行实证分析,结果表明:1WTP空间滞后模型能够有效处理空间尺度下的二分式CVM数据;2得到不同空间尺度下的WTP存在距离衰减效应,且公众认知程度是影响其衰减的主要动因;3得到2012年松花江生态价值为83.15亿元?年。研究结论为CVM评价生态资源环境价值提供新的途径,提高CVM评价结论的科学性及有效性,为相关环境经济政策的费用负担及利益分配提供参考依据。The Contingent Valuation Method is a widely used method to evaluate non-market values such as selection value, heritage value and existence value of environmental goods. It reveals the public willingness to pay for environmental goods changes by establishing a hypothetical market in the form of questionnaires based on the principle of utility maximization. In view of the fact that there are spatial differences in willingness to pay （WTP）among the public, we examined the contingent valuation method （CVM）under a spatial scale based on distances between respondents and evaluation objects. We constructed the spatial lag model for WTP and combined it with Moran＇ s I index and spatial partitioned effects to discuss the spatial interaction among public WTP under different spatial scales, which remedied the deficiency of traditional CVM model in spatial effects analyses. Based on characteristics that double-bounded dichotomous choice CVM data is interval data, the probability utility function was used to propose parameter estimation for the spatial lag model of WTP. We used the Songhua River as an example for empirical analysis. We found that the spatial lag model of WTP is effective for dealing with the data of double-bounded dichotomous choice CVM under spatial scales. A distance decay of WTP exists in public willingness to pay under different spatial scales and is mainly derived from public cognition. The ecological conservation value of the Songhua River is 83.15 billion CNY per year. This research provides a new approach to evaluate total environmental benefit values and improves the validity of results obtained through the contingent valuation method. These findings will provide a benchmark for sharing environmental costs in environmental economic policy-making.

关 键 词：空间效应 空间滞后 条件价值评估 双边界二分式 支付意愿 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]