七种动物正常角膜组织结构的比较性研究  

Comparison of normal corneal structures with light microscope and electron microscope in seven animals

作　　者：张睿[1] 谢若衷[2] 周翔天[2] 吕帆[2] 瞿佳[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京丰台医院眼科,100071 [2]温州医科大学附属眼视光医院,325027

出　　处：《眼科》2015年第5期341-347,共7页Ophthalmology in China

摘　　要：目的 比较7种实验动物（BALB/c小鼠、豚鼠、新西兰大白兔、猫、狗、猪和牛）角膜的光镜和电镜下结构，探讨不同动物作为各种角膜实验模型的形态学依据。设计 实验研究。研究对象 BALB/c小鼠（8~12周）、豚鼠（350~450 g）、新西兰大白兔（2.5~3.5 kg）和成年猫、狗、猪、牛7种动物，各6只新鲜眼球。方法 制作各种动物眼球的角膜光镜、电镜切片，分别对HE染色切片摄制成的彩色照片和电镜照片进行比较分析。主要指标 角膜各层结构形态、厚度，有无前后弹力层，基底膜及半桥粒的特点。结果 角膜厚度的变化趋势：兔、狗、猪、牛角膜是中央薄、边缘厚，与人相似；中央厚、周边薄者有豚鼠和猫；小鼠角膜中央到周边厚度变化不明显。中央角膜上皮层厚度：豚鼠与人最相似。角膜上皮层平均厚度、中央区全层厚度、角膜中央区及旁中央区基质层厚度：兔与人最接近。角膜缘厚度：牛与人最接近。角膜基质层平均厚度：狗与人最相近。角膜后弹力层厚度：牛与人最相近。角膜内皮层厚度、后弹力层与内皮层厚度比例：猪与人最接近。角膜内皮细胞直径：豚鼠与人最接近。光镜下，7种动物角膜上皮细胞形态：复层扁平细胞为长扁形，翼细胞为多角形，基底细胞为单层柱状细胞。光镜下均无法判断是否有前弹力层，基质层内胶原纤维排列整齐，无定型结构的后弹力层可辨认，内皮细胞为单层扁平细胞。电镜下，BALB/c小鼠和狗的角膜未见明确前弹力层，兔、猫、猪和牛角膜有前弹力层。豚鼠角膜因照片质量不佳，无法判断是否有前弹力层。BALB/c小鼠的后弹力层内可见条梭状特殊结构，牛的后弹力层呈条栅状条纹。各动物角膜的半桥粒平均直径（单位：μm）分别为小鼠0.16±0.01，兔0.18±0.02，猫0.27±0.06，狗0.19±0.08，猪1.72±0.08，牛1.13±0.82。Objective To compare morphologic characteristics of the corneal structures under light microscope and transmission electron microscope（TEM） among seven experimental animals which included BALB/c mice, guinea pigs, New Zealand rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs and cattle. Design Experimental study. Participants BALB/c mice, guinea pigs, New Zealand rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs and cattle. Methods BALB/c mice （8-12 weeks）, guinea pigs （350-450g）, New Zealand rabbits （2.5-3.5Kg）, cats, dogs, pigs and cattle were chosen for study and six fresh eyeballs per kind were acquired. Cornea of each eye was fixated and sliced for observation under light microscope and TEM. Pictures were taken for comparison. Main Outcome Measures Corneal morphology and thickness of every layer, Bowman＇s membrane and Descemet＇s membrane exist or not, characteristics of basal layers and hemidesmosomes. Results In terms of thickness distribution, the central corneas of rabbits, dogs, pigs and cattle are thin, the limbal corneas of them are thick, which is similar to that of human corneas; the central corneas of guinea pigs and cats are thick, the limbal corneas of them are thin; the central cornea and limbal cornea thickness is similar in BALB/c mice. The thickness of central corneal epithelium of guinea pig is the nearest to that of human among seven kinds of animals. The average thickness of corneal epithelium, the thickness of central cornea, the thickness of central and paracentral corneal stroma of rabbits are the nearest to that of human. The thickness of corneal limbus of cattle is the nearest to that of human. The average thickness of corneal stroma of dog is the nearest to that of human. The thickness of Descemet＇s membrane of cattle is the nearest to that of human. The thickness of corneal endothelium, the thickness ratio of Descemet＇s membrane to endothelium of pig are the nearest to those of human. Under light microscope, the epithelial morphology of seven kinds of animalsis similar： stratified aquamous epithelial cell

关 键 词：角膜 动物模型 比较 

分 类 号：R-332[医药卫生] R322.91