论民族志方法在科学知识建构中的作用  

An Analysis of the Role of Ethnographic Methods in the Construction of Scientific Knowledge

作　　者：朱春艳[1] 高琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北大学马克思主义学院,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《东北大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第6期551-555,共5页Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大资助项目(15ZDB052);辽宁省社会科学规划基金资助项目(L14BZX008);辽宁省教育厅科学研究资助项目(wt2013005);东北大学"陈昌曙技术哲学发展基金"资助项目(00000047103117/002)

摘　　要：以实验室研究和行动者网络理论为代表的科学知识社会学巴黎学派,首次运用民族志方法考察并追踪科学知识的微观生产过程及社会化过程。民族志方法支持经验资料、分析实验室物质要素、考察科学日常活动中的隐含观念、重构科学陈述,形成了科学知识建构主义纲领,顺应了科学技术哲学的经验转向与学科融合趋势,对于打开当代技术黑箱具有启示作用。不过仍需反思的是,科学知识建构论下的民族志面临着对其合法性、建构性及发展动力等问题的质疑。The Paris school of scientific knowledge sociology,which is represented by laboratory study and actor-network theory,applies ethnographic methods to research and trace the micro process of scientific knowledge production and socialization for the first time.Ethnography advocates empirical data,analyzes material elements in the laboratory,investigates implied ideas in daily scientific activities and reconstructs scientific statements,which forms the constructivism principles of scientific knowledge,conforms to the trend of empirical turning and discipline integration in scientific and technological philosophy,and carries a certain implication for opening the black box of contemporary technology.However,it is worth noting that the dilemma of ethnography in the construction of scientific knowledge lies in its legitimacy,constructivism and motivation.

关 键 词：民族志 实验室研究 建构主义 科学知识 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]