农牧区哈萨克族老年人生命质量与社会支持和家庭婚姻状况关系的调查研究  

Survey Research of the Relationship Between Quality of Life of Kazak Elderly in Agricultural and Pastoral Areas and Their Social Support and Marital Status

作　　者：陈江芸 付素萍 巩存涛[3] 郑昆亮[4] 胡海峰 艾景涵 韩林俐 李新辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学医学院,新疆石河子市832000 [2]青河县人民医院 [3]枣庄市立医院 [4]石河子大学马克思主义学院,新疆石河子市832000 [5]新源县哈拉布拉乡人力资源与劳动保障所

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2015年第33期4108-4113,共6页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：2011年度教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目(11XJJA840001)

摘　　要：目的了解农牧区哈萨克族老年人生命质量(QOL)与社会支持和家庭婚姻状况的关系。方法 2013年1月—2014年1月首先采用典型抽样法确定同时具备农牧区特点和哈萨克族集聚地的伊犁哈萨克自治州新源县哈拉布拉乡为调研地区,然后采用随机整群抽样法确定哈拉布拉乡的哈拉布拉村、洪土拜村、吉也克村和阿克托干村4个村作为调查村,从中选取符合纳入与排除标准的老年人368例为调查对象。2013年7月12—19日,采用一般情况调查表、QOL量表(SF-8量表)和社会支持量表进行入户面对面询问调查获取定量资料。2014年1月3—9日,根据访谈提纲,对在QOL总评维度得分中位得分以上、以下各选取4例老年人和研究设计中专家推荐的2例医疗保险和养老保障相关负责人进行访谈获取定性资料。结果共发放调查问卷368份,回收有效问卷368份,有效回收率为100.0%。QOL各维度得分与社会支持各维度得分和社会支持总分均呈正相关(P<0.05)。不同婚姻状况、居住方式老年人生理健康总评(PCS)维度、心理健康总评(MCS)维度、QOL总评维度得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同子女数量、子女回家频率、子女经济支持情况老年人PCS维度、MCS维度、QOL总评维度得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。访谈发现,伊斯兰文化、社交网络、新型农村合作医疗制度、新型农村社会养老保险制度等对老年人QOL有正向影响。结论在地区经济水平整体提高、广覆盖的社会养老制度和新型农村合作医疗制度以及国家定居点建设等提供大环境的社会支持的背景下,受民族个性、传统文化和宗教信仰等影响建立的稳定广泛的社交支持网络和和睦友爱的家庭婚姻关系,均很好地促进了农牧区哈萨克族老年人QOL的提高。Objective To investigate the relationship between quality of life（ QOL） of Kazaks elderly in agricultural and pastoral areas and their social support and marital status. Methods From January 2013 to January 2014, using typical sampling method,we selected Halabula Town of Xinyuan County of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture that has the features of agricultural and pastoral area and where Kazak people gather as the survey area. Then we selected Halabula Village,Hongshibai Village,Jiyeke Village and Aketuo Village as the survey villages by random cluster sampling method and enrolled 368 elders who accorded with inclusion and exclusion criteria from the four villages as subjects. From July 12 to 19, 2013, we acquired quantitative data by face-to-face inquiring surveys during home visits,using questionnaire of general data,SF-8 scale and scale of social support. From January 3 to 9,2014, according to survey results, we selected 4 subjects with total QOL score higher than the median,4 subjects with that lower than the median and 2 people in charge of medical insurance and pensionsecurity recommended by experts in the research design and obtained qualitative data from their interviews. Results A total of368 questionnaires were distributed,and all were returned with an effective return rate of 100. 0%. The dimension scores of QOL were positively correlated with the dimension scores and the total score of social support（ P〈0. 05）. The dimension scores of PCS and MCS and the total QOL score varied significantly with marital status and residential mode（ P〈0. 05） and didn＇ t vary significantly with number of children,frequency of children＇s visit and financial support from children（ P〈0. 05）. The results of interviews showed that Islamic culture,social network,new rural cooperative medical care system and new rural social pension insurance system had positive influence on the QOL of subjects（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion The rising of regional economic level and the wide coverage of social pension insu

关 键 词：老年人 生活质量 社会支持 婚姻状况 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]