间接正犯概念之否定——单一正犯体系的视角  

Negation of the Concept of Indirect Principal

作　　者：刘明祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心

出　　处：《法学研究》2015年第6期98-115,共18页Chinese Journal of Law

摘　　要："间接正犯"是德、日刑法学为弥补限制的正犯概念与极端从属性说所带来的处罚漏洞,而不得不提出的"补救概念"。尽管间接正犯的正犯性无法得到合理论证,承认间接正犯概念会产生许多弊病,甚至会动摇区分正犯与共犯的区分制犯罪参与体系的根基,因而早就有学者从不同立场提出了取消间接正犯概念的观点,但由于间接正犯概念具有弥补区分制缺陷的功能,所以,在采取区分制的德、日,还不得不保留这一概念。我国刑法在犯罪参与体系的问题上,采取不区分正犯与共犯的单一正犯体系,因此并无间接正犯概念赖以依存的法律基础;在我国,采用间接正犯概念不仅不能合理解决相关问题,而且在处理有关案件时存在明显的弊病;在不采用间接正犯概念的同时,运用单一正犯体系,反而能更好地解决相关问题,还有操作更为简便、易于司法人员掌握执行的优点。＂Indirect principal offender＂ is a kind of ＂remedial concept＂ put forward in Ge Japanese criminal jurisprudence to make up for punishment deficiencies caused by the conc strictive principal and the extreme subordinate accomplice theory. Even though the abolishm rman and ept of re- ent of the concept of indirect principal offender has been advocated by scholars for failing to demonstrate the na- ture of principal and undermining the foundation of the system of distinction between principal and ac- complice, the concept is retained for its remedial function by Germany and Japan, which have adopt- ed the principal and accomplice offender system. However, the unitary principal offender system in China provides no legal basis for the existence of the concept of indirect principal offender for the rea- son that it is impossible for a concept that represents one of the types of principal while at the same time distinguishes itself from the definition of accomplice （such as instigator and accessory offender） to survive within the system. As a matter of fact, there is no need for the concept of indirect principal offender to perform the remedial function in unitary principal offender system since those punishment deficiencies do not exist here. The application of indirect principal offender theory in China is inoper- able and may even complicate problems. In the situation of someone taking advantage of others as criminal tools, for example, applying the concept of indirect principal offender might contravene the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law. In comparison to the disadvantages caused by adopting the concept, the application of unitary principal offender system is more desirable in China, not only be- cause it is a better way to solve related problems, but also because it is easy for judges to master.

关 键 词：间接正犯 犯罪参与体系 区分制 单一正犯体系 教唆犯 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]