日本“情况证据”理论及其借鉴  

Study on Theories and Reference of Japan's Circumstantial Vidence

作　　者：帅清华[1,2] 郭小亮[3] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072 [2]江西省人民检察院,江西南昌330029 [3]江西警察学院,江西南昌330100

出　　处：《时代法学》2015年第6期113-119,共7页Presentday Law Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"刑事诉讼中程序法事实证明问题研究"(12CFX054)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：日本刑事诉讼法及判例对情况证据的认定在实体和程序两个方面作了规定,其存在形态包括常规形态和特殊形态,主要分类有并存的情况证据、预见的情况证据、溯及的情况证据。情况证据理论特色体现为:判例渊源下显著的实践性、司法运用的广泛性、恪守"存疑则有利于被告"的原则性、心证公开性以及事实认定的详尽性。基于审判权运行的普遍规律和证据运用规则所具有的共性,在我国刑事审判对间接证据的运用实践中,可借鉴日本情况证据理论的有益经验和具体做法,包括确立间接证据运用规则、发挥间接证据的独立定罪机能、坚守疑罪从无原则以及证据推认过程的详尽展示规则。Circumstantial evidence is provided in both substantive and procedural aspects in Japan＇s Code of Criminal Procedure and case, its existing form includes conventional form and the special form, and it can be classified into three kinds： evidence of coexist, predictable evidence and retrospective evidence. The characteristics of circumstantial evidence are embodied in the significant practicality under case origin, judicial extensiveness of practice, adhere to the principle of ＂Pro Defendente At Unsettled Points＂, publicity of free evaluation and the exhaustiveness of fact identification. Based on universal law of criminal trial and rules of evidence, China＇s criminal practice can learn from the experience of Japan＇s theories of circumstantial evidence during the practice of indirect evidence, including establishing the applying rules of indirect evidence, exerting the independent role for conviction function of indirect evidence, sticking to the principle of ＂presume innocent until proven guilty＂ and rules of detailed showing during process of evidence presumption.

关 键 词：情况证据 情况证据的特色 间接证据的运用 证据规则 

分 类 号：D925.23[政治法律—诉讼法学]