汉英语会话中空间指示词语用法对比分析  

A Contrastive Analysis of Deictic Demonstratives in Chinese and English Conversation

作　　者：刘礼进[1] 刘丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学外国语言学及应用语言学研究中心/英文学院,广东广州510420

出　　处：《天津外国语大学学报》2015年第6期29-36,共8页Journal of Tianjin Foreign Studies University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"汉英空间语言比较研究"(13YJA740033)

摘　　要：根据由汉英小说及其译本原文例子构成的平行语料,对比分析会话中指示词语的直指用法。分析发现,(1)汉英语篇中指示词语分布不对称:汉语近指示词语比远指示词语常用得多;而英语远指示词语比近指示词语常用;(2)汉语原语/目的语近指示词语通常译成/译自于英语目的语/原语的远指示词语或其变体;原因很可能是,相对而言,汉语指示词语系统易于引导作者/译者按心理距离确定所指实体的远近,而英语指示词语系统易于引导作者/译者按物理距离确定所指实体的远近。(3)在无心理距离影响时,汉英指示词语的选择主要取决于所指对象的可及性:近指示词语用于表示高可及实体,远指示词语表示低可及实体;(4)在显著心理距离影响下,汉语言者趋于缩短心理距离而常选择近指示词语表示所指实体,英语言者趋于疏远心理距离而常选择远指示词语表示所指实体。This paper compares and analyses the deictic use of demonstratives in Chinese and English conversation on the basis of the parallel corpora of textual examples from a Chinese and an English novel, and their respective versions. Firstly, there is an asymmetric distribution of demonstratives in Chinese and English discourse： proximals occur much more frequently than distals in Chinese, whereas distals occur more frequently than proximals in English. Second, as a rule, a proximal in Chinese is rendered into, or from, a distal or its variant in English. This is probably because the Chinese demonstrative system, relatively speaking, would lead the writer/translator to distinguish close from far according to psychological distance in many cases but the English demonstrative system would lead the writer/translator to do so based on physical distance. Third, in the case of unmarked psychological distance, the selection of demonstratives in Chinese and English conversation largely lies on accessibility of the referent： a proximal is used to signal a highly accessible entity and a distal to signal a low-accessibility entity in the context. Fourth, in the case of marked psychological distance, the Chinese speaker tends to shorten mentally the distance and frequently choose a proximal, yet the English speaker tends to lengthen the distance and often use a distal, to signal the referent.

关 键 词：直指词语/指示词语 可及性 心理距离 对比分析 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语] H313