奖/助学金能否提高大学生的学业成绩?——以清华大学为例  

Effects of Scholarships and Grants on College Students' Academic Achievement:Taking Tsinghua University as an Example

作　　者：李锋亮[1] 向辉[2] 刘响[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学教育研究院,北京100084 [2]清华大学学生工作处,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学教育研究》2015年第6期112-119,共8页Tsinghua Journal of Education

基　　金：清华大学学生工作研究2013年度重点项目"对新时期清华大学学生素质结构及其评价的研究"

摘　　要：本文以清华大学的学生资助体系为例,通过清华大学2010、2011两个年级6150名学生的跟踪数据,采用倾向分数配对法,实证检验了奖学金和助学金对学生学业成绩的影响。实证结果显示,学生在往年获得奖学金能够激励他们在来年取得显著更好的成绩;在控制了其他变量和样本自选择偏差后,助学金在促进学生学业成绩方面的效果却并不显著。为了能让助学金在促进学生学业方面取得更加显著的效果,今后高校在资助体系建设上应该注重关心、关注、追踪被资助学生的发展与成长,努力为学生提供合适的"发展机会"资助、"成长平台"资助,进而建设一个更加有效的学生资助体系。Taking the financial aid system of Tsinghua University as an example and based on the data of all its college students enrolled in 2010 and 2011, this study examines the effects of scholarships and grants on students＇ academic achievement by using the propensity score matching method. The re- sults show that scholarships （merit-based） motivate students to significantly improve academic per- formance. This is true even though the data were collected after Tsinghua reduced the weight of aca- demic achievement in scholarship decisions. In addition, after controlling for other variables and ad- dressing the self-selection bias of the sample, the study finds that grants （need-based） do not have a significant effect on students＇ academic achievement. The results suggest that universities should afford a wider range of financial aid programs for students in poverty, such as a platform for growth and more opportunities for development, so as to improve the student aid system.

关 键 词：奖学金 助学金 学业成绩 倾向分数配对法 

分 类 号：G642.47[文化科学—高等教育学]