南宋浙闽“猴行者”来源再探——以顺昌、泉州的田野考察为中心  

Further Discussion on the Source of“Monkey Walker”in Zhejiang and Fujian area in Southern Song Dynasty:On the Basis of Fieldwork Investigation in Shunchang and Quanzhou

作　　者：蔡铁鹰[1] 

机构地区：[1]淮阴师范学院文学院,江苏淮安223001

出　　处：《淮海工学院学报（人文社会科学版）》2015年第10期32-35,共4页Journal of Huaihai Institute of Technology(Humanities & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金规划项目(12BZW042)

摘　　要：南宋后期浙闽一带,出现了若干与"猴行者"相关的资料,曾被学者作为《西游记》诞生在浙闽的重要证据。通过国家社科基金资助的专项田野考察得出结论:浙闽一带不具备诞生《西游记》的文化内源,普遍存在的齐天大圣崇拜在宋元时还是比较单纯的民间宗教,与佛教、"猴行者"、取经故事都没有任何关系,它被吸收进取经故事并与"猴行者"合并,应该与杂剧《西游记》出现的时期对应;开元寺"猴行者"浮雕上"孔雀王经"字样的再发现,确认了"猴行者"的密宗身份及其与唐代不空三藏的关系,与唐僧取经故事大量孕育于中唐西北的新说遥相呼应,证明"猴行者"对于浙闽来说是一种外源性文化。There are several relevant information of＂Monkey Walker＂in Zhejiang and Fujian area in late Southern Song Dynasty,which had been recognized by some scholars as important evidence for Journey to the West being born in Zhejiang and Fujian.Through the fieldwork investigation sponsored by national social science fund,it is concluded that Zhejiang and Fujian area does not have the internal cultural source of creating Journey to the West;the prevalence of Monkey King worship in Song and Yuan Dynasties is just simple folk religion,which has nothing to do with Buddhism,＂Monkey Walker＂,or the story of Journey to the West.It is absorbed by the story of obtaining Buddhist scriptures and the merger with＂Monkey Walker＂should correspond with the period when the drama Journey to the West appears.The words of＂Peacock King Scripture＂on the＂Monkey Walker＂relief in Kaiyuan Temple confirm the mi sect？identity of＂Monkey Walker＂and its relationship with Bukong Sanzang of Tang Dynasty,which echoes with the new saying that a lot of Journey to the West stories are born in the northwest of mid-Tang Dynasty and is also a proof that＂Monkey Walker＂is an exogenous culture for Zhejiang and Fujian area.

关 键 词：《西游记》 “猴行者” 齐天大圣 《大唐三藏取经诗话》 开元寺西塔 

分 类 号：I207.414[文学—中国文学]