复合变性淀粉的干法制备及其对陶瓷坯体的增强效果  

Composite Modified Starch Prepared by Dry Process and Its Strengthening Effect on Ceramic Green Body

作　　者：曹文[1] 夏光华[1] 谭训彦[1] 廖文川[1] 张晓林[1] 曹玥晗 

机构地区：[1]景德镇陶瓷学院材料科学与工程学院,景德镇333001

出　　处：《硅酸盐通报》2015年第11期3282-3286,3291,共6页Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：景德镇陶瓷学院工程技术研究创新项目

摘　　要：以玉米淀粉为主要原料,采用机械化学改性法,通过正交实验考察了活化剂氢氧化钠(Na OH)的用量ω_1、活化时间t_1、酯化剂三氯氧磷(POCl_3)的用量ω_2、醚化剂一氯乙酸钠(Cl CH_2COONa)的用量ω_3、反应时间t_2对淀粉改性效果的影响。将定量变性淀粉加入到陶瓷坯体中,通过测量坯体的抗折强度进行评价,采用FT-IR对变性淀粉的结构进行分析,利用SEM对坯体断面形貌进行表征。研究表明:淀粉改性效果的影响因素为:活化剂用量>酯化剂用量>醚化剂用量>活化时间>反应时间;当ω_1=20%,ω_2=ω_3=8%,t_1=4 h,t_2=3 h时,制备出的复合变性淀粉对陶瓷坯体的增强效果最好,坯体强度提升率达65.4%,削减坯料黑泥用量的50%,坯体强度仍可提升8.2%;红外光谱在1150.7 cm^(-1)处出现不对称C-O-C伸缩振动吸收峰,在1000.9 cm^(-1)处出现P-O-C伸缩振动吸收峰,表明淀粉分子被成功改性;扫描电镜观察到添加复合变性淀粉的坯体断面出现较多尖锐棱角,表明淀粉分子链起到了连接坯体颗粒的作用,有效地提升了坯体强度。Using corn starch as main raw material, the influence of the dosage of activation agent （ NaOH, ω1 ）, activation time （t1）, the dosage of esterification agent （ POCl3, ω2） , the dosage of etherifieation agent （C1CH2COONa, ω3 ）, reaction time （t2） on the modification effects of starch has been respectively studied by means of the mechanochemical modification process through the orthogonal experiment. Quantitative modified starch has been added into a green body powder, and evaluations of rupture strength of the green compacts have been made. FT-IR has been used to characterize the molecular structure of modified starch, and SEM has been used to observe the morphology of fracture surface of green compacts. The study shows that the influence of the factors on modified effect on starch are as follows, the dosage of activation agent 〉 the dosage of esterification agent 〉 the dosage of etherification agent 〉 activation time 〉 reaction time. When ω1 =20%,ω2 =ω3 =8%,t1 =4 h,t2 =3 h, the composite modified starch makes the rupture strength of green compacts to reach the highest, the enhancement rate of rupture strength of green compact can reach up to 65.4%, and it can still enhance up to 8.2% even if the amount of the black clay cut to 50%. Infrared spectra appeared asymmetric C-O- C stretch vibration absorption peak at 1150.7 cm-1, and P-O-C stretch vibration absorption peak at 1000.9 cm-l, which means that corn starch molecules has been successfully modified. SEM shows that the fracture surface of green body added composite modified starch has more sharp edges and corners, which means that the starch molecules play a role of connecting the ceramic particles, and effectively improving the body strength.

关 键 词：变性淀粉 制备 机械化学 陶瓷 坯体 

分 类 号：TQ174[化学工程—陶瓷工业]