专名问题的语言哲学、语用学考察  

The Study of Proper Names from the Perspectives of Philosophy of Language and Pragmatics

作　　者：张漫佳 梁瑞清[2] 

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学英语语言文化学院,广东广州510420 [2]暨南大学外国语学院,广东广州510632

出　　处：《浙江外国语学院学报》2015年第4期15-21,共7页Journal of Zhejiang International Studies University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(15YJA740013)

摘　　要：从语言哲学和语用学角度考察专名的意义问题乃是专名研究的重要路径。文章在语言哲学层面上综述了专名意义的描述语理论和历史因果理论之争后,指出专名的界定不一,认为特称描述语不应归属于专名,因为它是为专名指称的确定服务的;描述语理论所坚持的专名的涵义,其实是专名指称对象的涵义;专名的涵义是相对概念,它不能决定专名的指称义。文章在语用学层面上结合语用案例,探讨了专名的指称问题后,发现专名的语义内容和命名理据均非成功指称的必要条件;专名指称义的获得必须依靠语境,尤其是动态变化的"当下语境";只有从反映完整言语信息的瞬间性识别说话人意图,才能获得专名的指称。To investigate the meaning of proper names from the perspectives of philosophy of language and pragmatics is important for the research on proper names.At the level of philosophy of language,this article reviews two opposing views on the meaning of proper names,i.e.,the description theory and the historical/causal theory,and finds that their definitions of proper names are not consistent in that proper names should not include definite descriptions which serve only to specify the referents.The sense of a proper name in the description theory is actually the sense of the referent and it is a relative concept which cannot determine the referent.At the pragmatic level,the paper discusses the reference of proper names through analyzing pragmatic cases and finds that neither the semantic content nor the motivations are the necessary conditions for successfully obtaining the referent of a proper name.In order to specify the referent of a proper name,the hearer must depend on the context,especially the＂immediate context＂which reflects the dynamic change of the discourse,and recognize the speaker＇s intention from the immediacy that bears the whole information of the speech act.

关 键 词：专名 意义 指称 涵义 当下语境 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]