高等教育费用持续增长的理论诠释  

Theories interpreting for the continuous cost-increasing in higher education

作　　者：刘路[1] 刘志民[1] 罗英姿[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学公共管理学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《教育科学》2015年第5期67-73,共7页Education Science

摘　　要：OECD 2014年的报告显示,包括美国在内的大多数成员国的大学生人均教育支出近年来都呈上升趋势。美国拥有一套较为完善的高等教育成本分担与补偿体系,其教育费用为何会持续增长?其成因的理论诠释有:班尼特假设—政府对高校学生的补助导致了高校学费的增加;鲍莫尔效应—造成高等教育费用持续增加的原因是高等教育自身的成本病所致;鲍文法则—高校间的无形竞争导致了高等教育费用和收费的持续增加。高等教育费用持续增加的可能后果是产生"泡沫"风险:教育投资收益递减、高等教育需求降低、解雇员工等现象。According to the OECD＇s 2014 report,there is an increasing trend for the expenditure per FTE student among OECD countries including U.S.A.with the most perfect cost sharing and compensating mechanism in its higher education system.Why does it happen？This paper shows reasons for expenditures and tuition increase in higher education by using different theories.The Bennett Hypothesis explains the university will raise tuition when financial aid is increased;the Baumol＇s effect shows that rising costs in higher education is due to the‘Cost disease＇exists in higher education system;Bowen＇s Rule refers to the dominant goals of university are educational excellence,prestige and influence which requires university to spend for seemingly fruitful educational needs and so that results in a price competition among universities.Finally,the higher education bubble indicates that if the costs and tuition prices still remain at a higher level;once people begin to doubt about that the college degree itself doesn＇t necessarily represent much of anything in the way of intellectual attainment or enhanced skill,it not only leads to the return of higher education and educational demand to decrease,but also leads the university trap into the cost trouble.

关 键 词：高等教育 班尼特假设 鲍莫尔效应 鲍文法则 “泡沫”风险 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]