论中国历史上的“民告官”——兼议使用“民告官”指代行政诉讼的影响  

A Study of Private Citizens vs.Public Officials Suits in Ancient China

作　　者：童旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学法学院

出　　处：《中国社会科学院研究生院学报》2015年第6期110-114,共5页Journal of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

摘　　要：中国古代的"民告官"是民举发官吏,民无法与官吏平等对簿公堂,只能借助以皇权为中心的监察制度实现诉求。近代法律改革,移植西方行政诉讼制度,试图用司法权监督行政权,恰与传统监察制度发生联系,以致有将传统监察制度与行政诉讼混淆。"民告官"与行政诉讼产生于不同的政治体制,使用"民告官"指代行政诉讼,会使行政相对人多关注"官吏"行为,忽略行政自由裁量及政府的行政行为。In ancient China,when private citizens denounced government officials,they could not confront them before a law court with equal status.To achieve their goals,lawsuits against public officials were their resort to the supervisory system centered on the imperial power.In the process of modern law transformation,China introduced Western administrative litigation system to supervise the executive power with the judicial power,which happened to be so closely linked with ancient supervisory system that the two became confused.In fact,traditional private citizens vs.public officials suits and administrative lawsuits arose from two different political systems,and referring to administrative proceedings as ＂citizens suing government officials＂ will not only inherit the feudal hierarchy concepts,but also make the administrative counterpart focus on the ＂official＂ behavior and ignore administrative discretion and administrative actions of the government.

关 键 词：民告官 监察制度 行政诉讼 行政行为 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]