竞赛特质焦虑干扰优势反应抑制的神经准备过程:ERP的证据  

Competitive trait anxiety impacts the neural preparation of prepotent response inhibition:Evidence from ERP

作　　者：孙国晓[1] 张力为[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院运动心理学教研室,北京100084

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2015年第4期307-311,共5页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：国家体育总局奥运攻关项目(项目编号:2012A023);国家体育总局运动应激适应重点实验室资助项目

摘　　要：竞赛焦虑对操作表现的影响是运动心理学的重要研究领域,注意控制理论对二者关系从执行功能的角度进行了新的阐释,认为焦虑干扰执行功能中的抑制功能。近年来,运动心理学对抑制功能探讨较多,对优势反应和任务无关刺激的抑制是抑制功能的2个重要成分,但以往研究大多集中于抑制无关刺激,对优势反应抑制的探讨相对欠缺,而后者却是竞技场上运动员时常需要面对的问题。已有行为学研究发现,竞赛特质焦虑对优势反应抑制功能有干扰效应,但其神经机理尚待探讨。本研究采用ERP技术探讨竞赛特质焦虑干扰优势反应抑制的神经基础,假设竞赛特质焦虑干扰前脑区域（额区和中央区）优势反应抑制的神经准备过程。招募26名研究参与者,根据《赛前情绪量表32×6》测试得分,二分法划分竞赛特质焦虑高分组和低分组。2组均完成代表优势反应抑制功能的反向眼跳任务,分析抑制＂线索＂出现前-100-0 ms时程的ERP成分,发现反向眼跳的准备期在额区和中央区诱发出一负成分,竞赛特质焦虑高分组的波幅小于低分组。以上结果部分支持了假设,竞赛特质焦虑对优势反应抑制的神经准备期有干扰效应,且主要由前脑区域控制,此结果为注意控制理论在竞赛焦虑领域的适用性提供了神经生理学的部分证据。Attentional control theory（ACT） deciphers how anxiety influences performance from executive function perspective and proposes that anxietyinterferes with the inhibition function. Previous research has adopted ACT to interpret behaviors in the competitive sport area and revealed that competitivetrait anxiety interfered with prepotent response inhibition which constitutes important component of the inhibition function and is also critical for athleticperformance. However, the neural mechanism underlining competitive anxiety-performance relationship was unclear. It was hypothesized that competitivetrait anxiety would impair the preparation of prepotent response inhibition. 26 participants were recruited and allocated into competitive trait anxiety high scoreand low score groups according to their marks on Pre-competition Emotion Scale-Trait 32×6（which is good measurement for competitive trait anxiety inChinese culture）, and both groups performed the pro-and anti-saccade tasks reflecting prepotent response inhibition function. We analyzed the Event RelatedPotential（ERP） in the preparation period（the-100~0ms epoch） and found a negative potential in the frontal and central areas during the preparation period inthe low score group, whereas the potential was smaller in the high score group. The findings suggest that competitive trait anxiety impairs efficiency ofinhibition function and this negative effect is due to under-preparation of inhibition, which partially supports the application of attentional control theory inexplaining competitive anxiety in sport psychology.

关 键 词：注意控制 优势反应抑制 竞赛特质焦虑 反向眼跳 ERP 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]