射击运动员的反向眼跳研究  

Antisaccade of Shooting Athletes

作　　者：廖彦罡[1] 杨冉 王清菊 

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学体育部,北京100070 [2]北京津发科技股份有限公司,北京100085

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2015年第4期312-316,共5页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(项目编号:11YJCZH095);北京市属高等学校高层次人才引进与培养计划项目

摘　　要：采用专业眼动仪TX300,利用经典的反向眼跳范式对射击运动员和普通大学生组进行对比分析,通过分析2组被试反向眼跳的正确率和眼动仪记录的各种数据指标,了解不同组被试对眼跳的自主控制能力,探讨个体自我调整抑制的强弱,期待为相关运动认知研究提供一定的参考和借鉴。研究发现:(1)射击运动组的反向眼跳正确率和一次性到位率显著高于普通组,说明射击运动员能较好地抑制优势的、反射性的朝向眼跳,拥有较强的认知抑制功能;(2)目标偏心距增加,被试的眼跳正确率提高,但一次性到位率却降低,眼跳潜伏期变小,眼跳视角和距离增加;(3)正确反向眼跳中,运动组的眼跳潜伏期较长,速度峰值较低,而眼跳总幅度较少,这可能是运动组采用的是一种更为谨慎、稳妥的注意调控策略。错误反向眼跳中,运动组的错误眼跳幅度较少,纠正眼跳距离和眼跳总幅度也比普通组要少,说明其错误纠正能力更好。With the use of professional eye movement instrument TX300,this research studied shooting athletes and normal undergraduate group＇s performanceon classic antisaccade task,trying to find out the autonomous saccade-controlling capacity of the subjects from different groups and explore the strength ofindividuals＇ self-adjusting refraining,expecting to provide some reference for cognitive motion research related. The results found that：1.The antisaccadeaccuracy and one-time arrival rate of the exercise group were significantly higher than the normal group,indicating that Shooters can better restrainadvantageous,reflective pro-saccade,they have stronger capacity of cognitive refraining. 2.As target eccentricity increases,the correct rate of subjects＇ saccades increased,but one-time arrival rate decreased,and saccadic latency went down,the viewing angle and distance of saccade went up. 3.In the process ofcorrect antisaccade,compared with the normal group,the exercise group＇s saccadic latency was longer,the speed peak was slower,and the total amplitude ofsaccade was less,which might result from the strategy the sport group has taken,that is,a more cautious and sound one,err on the side of the attention-controlling. In the process of error antisaccade,the exercise group＇s margin of error in saccade is less,the frequency of correcting saccadic distance and saccadictotal amplitude is less,which proves that the ability to correct error in exercise group is better.

关 键 词：运动员 射击 反向眼跳 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]