氮磷钾用量对宁南旱地马铃薯产量及水肥利用效率的影响  

Effect of different N,P_2O_5,K_2O rates on yield and water,fertilizer using efficiency of potato in dry land of Ningnan

作　　者：梁锦秀[1] 郭鑫年[1] 张国辉[2] 周涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏农林科学院固原研究所,宁夏固原756000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2015年第6期76-81,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家公益性行业科研专项(201303104)

摘　　要：在宁南旱地上利用田间试验研究了氮、磷、钾各4个施肥水平对马铃薯（庄薯3号）产量及水肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,增施氮、磷、钾肥马铃薯产量均呈抛物线型增长,其中氮肥增产幅度最高,其次为磷肥,钾肥最低且与对照无显著差异。施用氮对马铃薯产量构成有显著影响,钾肥有利于块茎膨大。马铃薯氮、磷、钾养分累积量随着施肥量的增加而增加,当季氮、磷肥利用率都随着施肥量的增加先升高后降低,钾肥利用率随施肥量增加而降低。氮、磷、钾肥偏生产力均随着施肥量增加而显著降低（P〈0.05）。施用氮、磷、钾肥显著提高马铃薯水分利用效率,当氮肥施用量大于240 kg/hm^2、钾肥施用量大于135 kg/hm^2时水分利用效率降低。不同氮、磷、钾肥水分利用效率增幅分别为19.6%～31.2%、11.2%～12.6%、1.3%～9.5%。本试验条件下,从经济施肥与水分高效利用角度宁南旱地马铃薯氮、磷、钾肥推荐量分别为174.0～189.7、92.2～94.6、113.0～113.7kg/hm^2。A field experiment with potato of Zhuang 3 was carried out to study the effects of different N,P2O5,K2 O rates on yield,water and fertilizer using efficiency in dryland of Ningnan. The results showed that potato yield showed a parabola increasing with the increase of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The increasing range was the highest with nitrogen,and followed by phosphate fertilizer. The increasing by potash fertilizer was minimum and not significant with the control. Nitrogen application had significant influence on the yield component factors. Potassium application was helpful for tuber bulking. Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient accumulations of potato were increased with higher fertilizer applied rates. Nitrogen,phosphorus fertilizer use efficiencies of potato were increased firstly and then decreased with fertilizer applied rates increasing. Potassium fertilizer use efficiency was decreased with fertilizer applied rates increasing. The partial factor productivity of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on potato was significantly decreased（ P 0. 05） with higher fertilizer applied rates. The water use efficiency（ WUE） of potato was significantly increased with apply of N,P,K fertilizer,but the WUE decreased when nitrogenous fertilizer was higher than 240 kg / hm^2 and potassium fertilizer was higher than 135 kg / hm^2. The WUEs of N,P,K fertilizers was increased by 19. 6% ～ 31. 2%,11. 2% ～ 12. 6%,1. 3% ～9. 5% respectively. For best economic benefit and higher WUE,the recommanded N,P2O5 and K2O rate for potato in dryland of Ningnan were ranged from 174. 0 ～ 189. 7 kg / hm^2,92. 2 ～ 94. 6 kg/hm^2,113. 0 ～ 113. 7 kg/hm^2,respectively.

关 键 词：宁南旱地 马铃薯 产量 水肥利用率 

分 类 号：S143.5[农业科学—肥料学] S532[农业科学—农业基础科学]