厌恶与悲伤情境图片诱发负性情绪的脑电机制差异探索  

Exploration on Electroencephalogram Mechanism Differences of Negative Emotions Induced by Disgusted and Sad Situation Images

作　　者：王欣[1] 靳静娜[1] 李松[1] 刘志朋[1] 殷涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院生物医学工程研究所,天津300192

出　　处：《生物医学工程学杂志》2015年第6期1165-1172,共8页Journal of Biomedical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金仪器专项资助(81127003);天津市科技支撑计划重点项目资助(12ZCZDSY02000)

摘　　要：进化心理学认为消极情境可能危及生存，常引发回避动机，对人体机能与心理素质皆有重要影响。厌恶与悲伤情境均能够诱发出负性情绪，但对两者诱发负性情绪过程中的注意力捕获和情绪认知差异尚缺乏了解。本研究选用典型悲伤、厌恶情境图片，设计了两组负性情绪诱发实验，并采集了15位青年学生（7男8女，年龄27岁±3岁）观看情境图片时的32导头皮脑电数据，提取了各导联事件相关电位（ERP）信号。通过对厌恶和悲伤情境图片所诱发ERP信号进行配对样本t检验，得到两种图片下ERP信号有统计学差异的时段；并根据两ERP信号在差异时段内均方根差值绘制脑地形图，得到差异空间分布。结果显示：悲伤与厌恶情境图片所诱发ERP差异主要体现在前中期T1（120～450ms）和晚期T2（800～1000ms）两个时段；悲伤图片在T1时段主要激活了枕叶，反映了注意力的获取，而厌恶图片在T1时段不仅激活了枕叶，也高度激活了前额叶，反映出明显的情绪感知；厌恶与悲伤图片在T2时段都激活了前额叶，但厌恶图片所诱发ERP不仅在前额叶，也在顶叶表现出更强的情绪感知力。以上研究结果将对加深负性情绪认识以及探索负性情绪诱发的深层认知神经学机制有所启示。Evolutionary psychology holds such an opinion that negative situation may threaten survival, trigger avoid- ance motive and have poor effects on the human body function and the psychological quality. Both disgusted and sad situations can induce negative emotions. However, differences between the two situations on attention capture and emotion cognition during the emotion induction are still not well known. Typical disgusted and sad situation images were used in the present study to induce two negative emotions, and 15 young students （7 males and 8 females, aged 27±3） were recruited in the experiments. Electroencephalogram of 32 leads was recorded when the subjects were viewing situation images, and event related potentials （ERP） of all leads were obtained for future analysis. Paired sample t tests were carried out on two ERP signals separately induced by disgusted and sad situation images to get time quantum with significant statistical differences between the two ERP signals. Root mean-square deviations of two ERP signals during each time quantum were calculated and the brain topographic map based on root mean square deviations was drawn to display differences of two ERP signals in spatial. Results showed that differences of ERP signals induced by disgusted and sad situation images were mainly manifested in T1 （120-450 ms） early and T2 （800- 1 000 ms） later. During the period of T1, the occipital lobe reflecting attention capture was activated by both disgusted and sad situation images, but the prefrontal cortex reflecting emotion sense was activated only by disgusted situa- tion images. During the period of T2, the prefrontal cortex was activated by both disgusted and sad situation images. However, the parietal lobe was activated only by disgusted situation images, which showed stronger emotional perception. The research results would have enlightenment to deepen understanding of negative emotions and to explore deep cognitive neuroscience mechanisms of negative emotion induction.

关 键 词：情境诱发 负性情绪 事件相关电位 注意力获取 情绪感知 

分 类 号：B842.6[哲学宗教—基础心理学]