试论汉代关中地区铁器生产原料的来源与流通——邰城铸铁作坊出土铁遗物的冶金分析  

On the Provenance and Distribution of Raw Material for Iron Production in the Guanzhong Area during the Han Period: Metallurgical Analysis of Iron Remains from the Taicheng Iron Foundry

作　　者：林永昌[1] 陈建立[2] 种建荣 雷兴山[2] 赵艺蓬 陈钢 

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学人类学系/历史系 [2]北京大学考古文博学院 [3]陕西省考古研究院

出　　处：《考古与文物》2015年第6期95-109,125,共16页Archaeology and Cultural Relics

基　　金：文物局文化遗产保护领域科学和技术研究课题"西汉时期关中地区冶铁工业的形成与特点"和"田野考古与文物保护信息采集与定量处理技术研究"阶段性成果

摘　　要：关中地区汉代铁器工业的工作和讨论不多,2010年发现的邰城遗址铸铁作坊,这一问题提供了重要的新材料。本文在对作坊出土铁遗物全面整理的基础上,选择107件样品进行金相组织分析。结果显示,废弃的铁遗物中,多数为白口铁和灰口铁残块,以及若干铸铁脱碳钢工具和坯料、炒钢工具或坯料、韧性铸铁工具和麻口铁工具或容器残块。此外,还从遗址土壤中筛选出与锻造有关、一般称为"锻造剥片"的薄铁片遗物。遗物的空间分布分析表明这些铁遗物集中回收准备重熔后,因某种原因工匠无法利用而集中废弃。邰城铸铁作坊很可能通过回收附近聚落的废弃铁器重熔生产,但部分铁遗物并非由本作坊直接生产。除铸铁外,作坊还可能以锻造方式生产或修补铁器。因此,对邰城作坊的分析,有助于认识汉代关中地区县级聚落中铁器作坊的运作和资源流通分配情况。Even though there are fruitful archeological discoveries of Han capital, burials, aria setuemems m me Guanzhong region, only very few works in the literature discuss the local iron industry during the Han period. The iron found- ry site in Talcheng discovered in2010 provides new dataset to address this issue mentioned above. ]his article presents result of the metallurgical analysis of 107 specimens, which are sampled based on a comprehensive study of excavated material. A- mong these specimens, most of them are either white or grey cast iron. Other categories include deearburized steel （raw ma- terial and tools）, refined pig iron （raw material or tools）, malleable iron （tools）, and mottled pig iron （etools or vessels）. Fur- thermore, hammer scale--a direct evidence related to hammering--has been found through screening refilled soil. Based on the spatial distribution, all these iron remains were collected probably for re-melting, but were discarded in certain concen- trated spots for unknown reasons. Therefore, the major source of raw material might come from collecting scrape iron-- some of which were not even produced by the small iron foundry--from nearby settlements. Besides casting, the iron found- ry also produced iron tools through hammering or repaired iron objects for nearby customers, This systematic analysis of i- ron remains provides fresh dataset to address the operation of iron foundry and distribution of iron in local administrative centers during the Han period in the Guanz_hong region.

关 键 词：邰城铸铁作坊 金相分析 铸铁脱碳钢 原料 

分 类 号：K876.42[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]