植物质体基因组研究进展  

Research Progress of Plant Plastomes

作　　者：王钦美[1,2] 张志宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,沈阳110161 [2]沈阳农业大学林学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2015年第5期513-520,共8页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金项目(2015M571330);沈阳农业大学教师(青年)科研基金项目(20131002)

摘　　要：质体是植物细胞合成代谢中最主要的细胞器,包括叶绿体、有色体和白色体。质体中含有独立于细胞核的质体基因组。质体基因组是植物三大遗传系统之一。质体基因组具备一些不同于核基因组的特性,如无5-甲基胞嘧啶、基因组成和结构保守、经常发生基因转移事件等。对质体基因组的遗传方式、质核互作、保守性、不稳定性、系统进化进行简要总结,重点综述植物质体基因转移现象。本研究认为质体基因组遵循"用进废退"规律,植物体的折衷法则和(或)冗余机制使质体基因组的容错性增强,细胞核基因(与质体基因相比)能够赋予植物更强的适应性和表型可塑性。Plastid, including chloroplast, chromoplast and leucoplast, is the most important organelle of anabolism in plant cell.Independent plastome of the nuclear exsits in the plastids and it is one of the three plant genetic systems. Plastomes have some properties different from the genomes of nuclear, such as no 5-methyl cytosine, conserved structure and gene composition, frequent gene transfer, and so on. In this article, we reviewed the inheritance, nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction, conservativeness, instability and phyletic evolution of plant plastome. The phenomena of plasmid gene transfer were highlighted. Moreover, we proposed that plastomes perform as ＂Evolution in Usage, Degeneration without Usage＂. The fault tolerance of plastomes was enhanced by tradeoff principles and/or alternative mechanisms of plants. Nuclear genes of plants could confer stronger adaptive capacity and phenotypic plasticity than plastogenes.

关 键 词：质体基因组 高通量测序 系统进化 质体基因转移 质核互作 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]