生物炭对宁夏低质土壤中油菜生长及氮素利用的影响  

The Effect of Adding Biochar on Rape Growth and Nitrogen Utilization in Light Sierozem of Ningxia

作　　者：王震宇[1,2] 宋晓娜[1,2] 陈蕾[1,2] 刘旻慧 李冬[3] 郑浩[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266100 [2]海洋科学与技术青岛协同创新中心,山东青岛266100 [3]宁夏农林科学院种质资源研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第12期94-101,共8页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201305021);宁夏回族自治区科技支撑计划项目(2013Zys149);宁夏农林科学院自主研发项目(nkyg-13-11)资助

摘　　要：宁夏地区的淡灰钙土壤养分含量低、保水性差,已成为该地区农业生产的主要限制性土壤.近年来,生物炭在土壤改良方面表现出的巨大潜力,为淡灰钙土壤的改良提供了一种新途径.本文采用花生壳生物炭（BC）及其改良剂（AD）,分别按照0％、1.5％、3％和5％ （w/w）的量添加到淡灰钙土壤中,采用室内盆栽试验探究其对“宁杂1号”油菜（Brassica napus L.）生长及氮（N）素利用有效性的影响.研究表明：BC的添加对油菜生物量和株高无显著影响,但显著增加了N的利用有效性,增幅达31.3％～31.9％.AD的施用使油菜生物量和株高分别增加了106％～140％和30.7％～35.0％,但对N的利用有效性无显著影响.AD增产的主要原因可能是AD中的养分弥补了BC养分不足的缺陷,增强了油菜的根际效应,从而促进了油菜生长.可见,宁夏淡灰钙土壤中BC的施用能减少油菜对N肥的需求,而AD能显著提高油菜产量.这些研究结果为开发适宜于北方干旱地区低质土壤改良的生物炭技术提供了重要的理论数据.Light sierozem,with low content of nutrients and poor water-retaining property,is widely distributed in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.To seek a better way to amend the fertility of light sierozem,peanut hull biochar （BC） and biochar-based amendment （AD） were chosen as soil conditioner.In the pot experiment,BC and AD were added into the soil at the rates of 0％,1.5％,3％ and 5％ （w/ w） respectively to investigate their effects on the growth of rape,as well as nitrogen utilization efficiency.The results indicate that BC has no effect on rape biomass and plant height,while AD significantly increased them by 106％～140％ and 30.7％～35.0％,respectively.The main reason for the difference is that AD made up the BC nutrient deficiency,thus it enhanced the rape rhizosphere effect.Adding BC markedly increased the nitrogen utilization efficiency by 31.331.9％,while there was no significant effect for that of AD.Therefore,it may conclude that BC application may reduce the demand for nitrogen fertilizer,and AD may promote the rape yield.

关 键 词：生物炭 改良剂 淡灰钙土 油菜 根际效应 氮素 

分 类 号：X131.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]