宋代的常州——城市形态与科举的地理阐释  

Changzhou in the Song Dynasty:Interpreting the Relationship between Space Formation and Imperial Examination from Geography and Geomancy

作　　者：潘晟[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学社会发展学院历史系,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2015年第4期71-83,共13页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学青年基金项目"宋代择居习俗的流变与聚落形态变迁研究"(10CZS015)

摘　　要：两宋时期,常州科第极为发达。宋人往往将之与州城内的后河相联系,从地理术数的角度给予解释。这种科第与地理术数相关联的解释分4个阶段逐渐被塑造出来,分别为:缘起于庆历三年李余庆"开河"的相关言论;崇宁初年知州朱彦疏浚河道,邹浩撰文确立关联性;淳熙十四年知州林祖洽修浚河道,陆游、邹补之进一步阐发;咸淳三年史能之修浚河道,王应麟撰文力图超越地理术数的范畴,以更符合一般的儒家理性。后河与常州科举兴衰的关联性解释,在实质上是主持修浚河道的官吏,为平衡各方利益之冲突,借来动员地方的有效信仰资源。Changzhou （常州） had achieved remarkable succession in imperial examination during the Song Dynasty. At that time, some people thought that it related to the Houhe river （后河） inside the city, and gave some geomancy interpretation. The geomaney interpretation had been mould by four stages. The first stage was Li yuqing＇ （李余庆） topic about Houhe river in the third year of Qingli （庆历）. And the second was that Zou hao （邹浩） established such interpretation in his article for celebrating Zhu yan （朱彦）, the state regional officer （知州） of Changzhou, who dredged the river in the early of Chongning （崇宁）. The third was that I.u you （陆游） and Zou buzhi （邹补之） who further interpreted it in their articles, after Lin zuqia （林祖洽） dredged the river in the four- teenth year of Chunxi （淳熙）. The fourth was that Wang yinglin （王应麟） put forward another in- terpretation beyond the geomancy to accord with the Confucian theory. Based on analysis, we came to some conclusions. One was that the really reason which river was dug in the third year of Qingli in ac- cordance with the development of the social economic of Changzhou. The northeast corner connected with southeast inside the city by the river, then the touch between the city and its outside southeast region had been improved, and from Xuanhe （宣和） to Shaoxing （绍兴）, the river was silted up main for wars. But in other two, it was short of effective management to urban environment during the de- veloping of the population and economy of the city, then the river was silted up under several environ- mental pressures. All the way, every time the officers＇ aim was to develop traffic, so the geomancy interpretation about the Houhe and imperial examination in Changzhou, was a belief resources for bal- ance the conflict of interest to mobilize for public works.

关 键 词：宋代 常州 科举 聚落形态 地理阐释 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]