性别与领导风格/效能实证研究的理论视角及现状  

The Theoretical Perspective and Situation of Empirical Research into Gender and Leadership Styles/Efficiency

作　　者：张瑞娟[1] 张丽琍 

机构地区：[1]中华女子学院管理学院

出　　处：《中华女子学院学报》2015年第5期52-57,共6页Journal of China Women＇s University

基　　金：中国人才研究会2012年课题"中国女性企业家领导力模式和领导风格实证研究"(ZRH-1210);中华女子学院2015年课题"领导者性别角色对领导风格和下属绩效的影响"(KG2015-03-01)的研究成果

摘　　要：随着越来越多的女性进入工作场所和成为领导者,围绕领导风格和效能这一主题,衍生了大量性别视角下两性领导风格/效能的实证研究。根据对性别内涵的界定,现有研究的理论视角可以归纳为三个方面:心理视角、社会结构视角及人际交互视角。两性领导风格和效能的实证研究,主要围绕两性领导风格/效能存不存在差异,以及哪种领导风格更为有效等问题展开。尽管现有研究并未得出一致的结论,但较为稳定的结论是:在领导风格上,女性领导者更多地表现出民主、参与式及变革型领导行为;在领导效能上,男性领导者和女性领导者并不存在显著差异,只是在不同的背景条件下,二者的领导效能存在一定差异。这些研究不仅为后续性别视角下领导风格和效能的研究奠定了基础,而且为管理实践中女性领导者根据背景环境选择领导风格、发挥领导效能提供了借鉴。As more and more women enter the workplace and take up leadership positions, leadership styles and effectiveness has attracted wide attention. Based on gender perspectives, there has been a great deal of empirical research into leadership style/efficiency. According to gender definitions, existing research can be summarized into three perspectives： psychological perspective, social structure and interpersonal perspective. A plethora of studies have been conducted examining how men and women differ from one another in their leadership style, behavior and efficiency. With no clear conclusion, research has found that women leaders prefer democracy, participation and transformation, while both men and women are no different in terms of effectiveness. Only in different context, the leadership efficiency has some differences. The study not only laid a foundation for more research, but also promotes the improvement and support of female leadership.

关 键 词：社会性别 理论视角 领导风格 领导效能 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]