不同种类基肥连续施用对茶园土壤理化性质的影响研究  

Effects of Continuous Application of Different Kinds of Basic Fertilizers on Tea Plantation Soil Physicochemical Properties

作　　者：黄海涛[1] 郑旭霞[1] 敖存[1] 毛宇骁[1] 余继忠[1] 张伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州市农业科学研究院茶叶研究所,杭州310024

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第34期248-252,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：浙江省重点科技创新团队计划"茶园土壤p H演变规律研究"(2011R50024);杭州市重大科技创新项目"杭州市名优绿茶品质提升技术研究与集成示范"(20112312A02);国家茶叶产业技术体系(CARS-23)

摘　　要：为揭示茶园中长期施用单一种类基肥的弊端,指导合理选择和施用茶园基肥。选用氨基酸有机肥、复合肥和菜饼3种不同种类基肥开展茶园土壤理化性质比较试验,研究其连续施用3年对茶园土壤p H、营养元素和物理性质的影响。结果表明,基肥连续施用3年后均较不施肥对照降低了茶园土壤p H,加速了土壤酸化效应,增加了土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾和镁等营养元素含量,降低了容重,改良了土壤结构,并提升了茶叶品质,但3种基肥均不能促进镁元素含量积累达到优质茶园土壤指标。综合比较,菜饼作基肥连续施用对茶园土壤p H的影响最小,对土壤有机质的积累效果更显著,且对茶叶中游离氨基酸总量具有最显著的提升作用,是较理想的可以连续施用的茶园基肥,同时,建议茶园基肥混合适量含镁肥料施用,以弥补土壤镁含量不足,并调节p H至合理范围。In order to guide the selection and application of tea plantation basic fertilizer and revealing thedefects of long term application of a single type fertilizer, effects of three kinds of fertilizers applied as basicfertilizers, viz. cake fertilizer, inorganic compound fertilizer and amino acid organic fertilizer on the soilphysicochemical properties of tea plantation were investigated for three consecutive years in the present paper.Results indicated that the three fertilizers could decrease the p H value, increase content of the organic matter,nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, and ameliorate soil structure and tea quality, but none ofthem could promote the accumulation of magnesium content to the level that meet with the soil indices of highquality tea garden. After comprehensive comparison, cake fertilizer showed the least effect on soil p H value,but significant impact on the accumulation of soil organic matter, as well as remarkable effect on theimprovement of total free amino acid. Taken together, cake fertilizer could be applied as a desirable basefertilizer in tea plantation, and meanwhile it was recommended that basic fertilizer should be applied incombination with magnesium fertilizer in order to make up the soil magnesium level deficiency and adjust p Hvalue to a rational extent.

关 键 词：茶园 基肥 土壤 理化性质 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]