两种首饰镍释放量检测标准的对比  

Comparison between Two Testing Standards for Release of Nickel in Jewelry

作　　者：李桂华[1,2] 何文军[1,2] 程佑法[1,2] 李锋丽 祝培明 

机构地区：[1]国家黄金钻石制品质量监督检验中心,济南250014 [2]山东省计量科学研究院山东省计量检测重点实验室,济南250014

出　　处：《贵金属》2015年第A01期192-201,共10页Precious Metals

基　　金：国家质检总局科技计划项目（2012QK246）、山东省质量技术监督局科研项目（2011KY02）.

摘　　要：镍广泛应用于珠宝首饰材料中，但它也是一种潜在的致敏元素，欧洲和中国均已发布强制性标准来控制首饰中镍释放对人体健康带来的风险。针对欧盟最新版标准EN1811：2011与现行的中国国家标准GB／T19719—2005存在的主要区别：人工汗液成分不同和测试结果表达方式不同，用石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪测定了按该两个标准检测的22件18K金样品的测试液。研究表明，欧盟标准用苛性钠溶液替代稀氨水调节人工汗液的pH值，汗液的pH值在镍释放过程中变化较小，检测数据具有较低的不确定度和相对标准偏差，即数据更稳定；欧盟标准中用测定不确定度来修正镍释放量d，检测结果偏高，说明该标准更严格，更能把好含镍饰品的质量关，减少镍元素对人体伤害。Nickel is widely used to jewelry materials, but it is also a potential sensitization elements. Europe and China have been issued relevant mandatory standards to control the risks to human health originating from the nickel release from the jewelry. Compared the current Chinese National Standard GB/T 19719-2005 with the latest version of European Standard EN 1811：2011. There are two main differences in the artificial sweat compositions and the expression of test results. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer was used to analyze the nickel release of 22 pieces of 18K gold alloys. The EN standard adopts caustic soda solution instead of dilute aqua ammonia to adjust the pH value of artificial sweat, resulting in the pH value of the sweat changing smaller during the nickel release procedure and the testing data with lower uncertainty and the relative standard deviation （RSD） and the data being more stable. The value of nickel release, which is determined by the uncertainty of measurement regulated from EN standard, is higher. The result indicate that EN standard is a more strict standard to control the quality of jewelry containing nickel and reduce the potential harm of nickel release to human.

关 键 词：分析化学 镍释放量 石墨炉原子吸收光谱法 人工汗液 不确定度 

分 类 号：TG115.33[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]