高效解磷菌的筛选及其促生机制的初步研究  

The Screening of Efficient Phosphorus-solubilizing Bacteria and the Primary Study on Its Mechanism of Plant-growth-promoting

作　　者：银婷婷 王敬敬[2] 柳影[2] 梁亚杰[2] 王兴彪[2] 韩一凡[2] 王夏 程美娟[4] 黄志勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学生物工程学院,天津300457 [2]天津市工业生物系统与过程工程重点实验室中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所,天津300308 [3]黄山中科新佳生物科技有限公司,黄山245000 [4]黄山市徽州区农业委员会,黄山245061

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2015年第12期234-242,共9页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：天津市科技支撑计划项目(12ZCZDSY15300)

摘　　要：旨在研制出可替代化学肥料的新型肥料。利用无机磷固体培养基从环境中筛选到27株解无机磷菌;采用钼锑抗比色法进行溶磷能力分析,发现27株解磷菌中qzr14的解磷能力最高(270 mg/L);盆栽试验结果表明27株解磷菌中qzr14对黄瓜苗的促生效果较好,与对照相比,可提高黄瓜苗株高27.71%、干重98.46%、鲜重57.01%;通过对qzr14发酵液中的有机酸进行实时监测,发现qzr14主要通过分泌葡糖酸溶解不溶性磷;通过对盆栽土壤中磷组分的分析,发现接种qzr14 4 d后的土壤中有效磷占总磷的百分比(19.62%-22.57%)均显著高于空白对照的百分比(12.53%-17.35%),说明qzr14可溶解土壤中不溶性磷;生化实验结果表明qzr14还具有固氮和解钾能力;通过16S r DNA序列分析初步鉴定q zr14为葡糖醋杆菌属。从环境中筛选到一株高效解磷的葡糖醋杆菌qzr14,并首次报道了其促生机制。糖醋杆菌qzr14可能通过分泌葡糖酸溶解土壤中的磷,为黄瓜苗提供较多的有效磷,从而促进黄瓜苗生长,还可能通过解钾和固氮作用促进黄瓜苗生长,是一种潜在的微生物肥料。With the increasing use of chemical fertilizer, problems such as soil hardening and water pollution become more and more serious. In order to invent a new type of fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizer, 27 bacterial strains were screened from environment by inorganicphosphorus solid medium. Mo-Sb colorimetry was used to evaluate the phosphorus-solubilizing capacity of 27 bacterial strains, and strain qzr14 had the highest capacity of phosphorus-solubilizing（270 mg/L）. The growth-promoting effect of 27 bacterial strains were studied by pot experiments, qzr14 showed higher capacity on growth-promoting effect than others, increasing the height, dry weight and fresh weight of cucumber seedlings 27.7%, 98.4% and 57.0% than CK, respectively. The real-time monitoring organic acids in medium inoculated with qzr14 indicated that this strain mainly secreted gluconic acid to solubilize phosphorus. According to the analysis of phosphorus fractions in the soil of pot experiment, available P accounted 19.62%-22.57% of total P in the soil after 4 days treated by qzr14, while 12.53%-17.35% in the soil of CK, thus qzr14 solubilized insoluble-phosphorous in the soil. The results of biochemical testing demonstrated that qzr14 had the capacity of K-solubilizing and N-fixing;qzr14 was identified as Gluconacetobacter sp. by 16 s r DNA analysis. In this article, Gluconacetobacter sp. qzr14 that may efficiently solubilize phosphorus is screened from the environment, and its growth-promoting mechanism is firstly reported. qzr14 solubilizes phosphorus in the soil by secreting gluconic acid, consequently more organic phosphorus is supplied to cucumber seedlings and therefore their growth is promoted. Also it probably has the ability of K-solubilizing and N-fixing to promote the growth of cucumber seedlings, conclusively this strain would be a potential microbial fertilizer.

关 键 词：菌种筛选 高效解磷菌 促生机制 

分 类 号：S144[农业科学—肥料学]