我国4城市儿童少年食物好恶及其影响因素调查  

The food preference of children and adolecents in urban China

作　　者：胡小琪[1] 马冠生[1] 马文军[2] 杜琳 林国桢 任亚琦 

机构地区：[1]中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所,北京100050 [2]广东省卫生防疫站 [3]广州市卫生防疫站

出　　处：《中国校医》2002年第2期107-109,共3页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

基　　金：达能膳食营养研究与宣教基金

摘　　要：目的　了解我国城市儿童少年食物好恶现状及其影响因素 ,为制订营养教育措施提供科学依据。　方法　采用三阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法 ,从广州、上海、济南和哈尔滨等 4城市抽取 10 2 16名儿童少年作为调查对象 ,采用问卷调查的方法收集数据。　结果　 92 .3%的学龄前儿童、87.0 %的小学生和 6 8.8%的中学生中有食物喜好 ,他们最喜欢吃的前 5种食物依次为水果、肉类、甜食、米饭和西式快餐 ,食物的味道和气味是影响他们食物喜好的主要因素。分别有 6 4.3%的学龄前儿童、6 8.5 %的小学生和 6 7.4%的中学生厌恶某些食物 ,他们不喜欢吃的前 4种食物是肥肉、鱼、苦瓜和绿叶蔬菜 ,食物的味道是他们厌恶这些食物的主要原因。　结论　大多数城市儿童少年有食物好恶 ,这会影响他们的膳食摄入 ,应制订有效的营养教育措施以培养儿童少年健康的饮食行为。Objective To investigate the food preference and its influencing factors of children and adolescents living in urban China,and provide scientific information for developing effective nutrition education programs. Methods Ten thousand two hundred and sixteen preschool and school children were selected from Guangzhou,Shanghai,Jinan and Harbin using astratified multi?stage cluster random sampling method.Questionnaire survey was used for data collection.SAS statistical software was used for data analysis. Results The percentages of preschool children,elementary students and junior students who had food preference 92.6%,87.0%and 69.1%,respectively.The top four foods they mostly liked were fruits,meats,rice and western fast food.Taste and smell were the major contributing factors for their food preference.64.5%,68.5%and 67.7% of them disliked certain kinds of foods.The top four foods they disliked were fat meat,fish,balsam pear and green vegetables.Taste was the major contributing factors for their food dislike. Conclusion Most urban children and adolescents had food preference and dislike that would affect their dietary intakes.Effective nutrition education strategies should be developed in order to foster children'healthy eating practices.

关 键 词：影响因素 调查 食物好恶 饮食行为 儿童 少年 上海 广州市 济南市 哈尔滨市 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R155.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]