海水中天然细菌对不同生源要素有机物的矿化作用  

Mineralization of different dissolved organic matter containing various biogenic elements by natural bacteria in seawater

作　　者：谭丽菊[1] 肖慧[2] Craig A.Carlson 王江涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学化学化工学院,青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,青岛266003 [3]美国加州大学圣芭芭拉分校生态演变和海洋生物系,加州圣芭芭拉ca931066150

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第1期77-85,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家海洋局海洋生态环境科学与工程重点实验室开放基金(MESE-2014-03)

摘　　要：海洋异养细菌是微食物网中非常重要的一部分,它消耗海洋中的溶解有机物并进行细菌的二次生产。细菌对不同种类的溶解有机物分解速率不同,并且有机物的生物利用率影响细菌的生长。研究了含有不同生源要素的4种溶解有机物(DOM)在海洋异养细菌存在下的矿化作用及对细菌生长的影响。结果表明:添加不同生源要素的有机物,对海洋天然异养细菌的生长均有促进作用,其比生长速率(μ)的大小顺序为:N>C>P>S>对照组,说明含氮有机物更有助于细菌的生长;细菌生长效率(BGE)的大小顺序为:对照组>C>P>N>S,说明细菌的二次生产跟有机物的分解速率没有直接相关性;单个细菌对有机物的消耗速率I为:N>C>P>S>对照组,说明细菌生长速率与有机物消耗速率直接相关;有机物的生物可利用性顺序为:N>C>P>S>对照组,与有机物的消耗速率顺序一致。上述结果表明,具有相同结构但不同生源要素的有机物的矿化速率存在差异,含氮有机物最容易分解,其次是含碳有机物,然后是含磷有机物,含硫有机物分解最慢,说明细菌对含有不同生源要素有机物的分解利用存在差异。Heterotrophic bacteria in seawater play an important role in biogeochemical cycling of biogenic elements. The decomposition rate of different dissolved organic matter （DOM） is related to the amount of heterotrophic bacteria, and the biological utilization ratio of DOM influences the growth of bacteria. In this study, mineralization and the effect of four kinds of DOM with similar structure but different biogenic elements on bacterial growth were investigated. The results suggested that organic matter added to cultures promoted the growth of natural marine heterotrophic bacteria, and the order of specific growth rate （μ） was as follows： N 〉 C 〉 P 〉 S 〉 control. DOM with nitrogen and carbon was the most effective in accelerating the growth of bacteria. The order of bacterial growth efficiency was as follows ： Control 〉 C 〉 P 〉 N 〉 S ; these results indicated that bacterial secondary production has no direct correlation with the decomposition rate of organic matter. The consumption rate of organic matter per individual bacterium （I） was in the following order： N 〉 C 〉 P 〉 S 〉 control, which was the same for biological availability of different organic matter. These results suggested that the mineralization rateis different for various organic nitrogen was decomposed most matters having similar structure but different bioge easily, followed by carbonaceous organic matter and remained somewhat refractory to decomposition nic elements. The organic matter with organic phosphorus, but organic sulfur remained somewhat refractory to decomposition.

关 键 词：异养细菌 溶解有机物 生源要素 矿化作用 

分 类 号：Q938.8[生物学—微生物学]