优秀男子手球运动员有氧、无氧能力特征研究  

Study on Characteristics of Aerobic and Anaerobic Capabilities of Elite Male Handball Players

作　　者：张莉 林丽雅 

机构地区：[1]广东省体育科学研究所,广东广州510663

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2016年第1期129-135,共7页China Sport Science and Technology

摘　　要：目的:通过对不同位置手球运动员有氧、无氧能力进行测试和分析,探讨优秀男子手球运动员有氧、无氧能力特征,为运动员个体化身体机能评定,训练效果评价及个体化训练安排提供依据。方法:36名优秀男子手球运动员分别完成最大吸氧量(VO2max)测试、Wingate 30s无氧功测试和不同距离跑动能力测试,测试过程中记录运动员最大吸氧量等有氧能力相关指标,最大功率、乳酸等无氧能力相关指标及不同距离跑测试成绩。结果:1)广东男子手球运动员最大吸氧量相对值接近世界级男子手球运动员水平;2)对于不同位置手球运动员而言,最大吸氧量水平最高的是內锋运动员,最低的是中卫运动员,两者有显著性差异(P<0.05);3)广东运动员的最大功率绝对值、平均功率和疲劳指数均明显差于国家队(P<0.01);4)我国运动员的最大功率绝对值、最大功率相对值、乳酸值均低于世界级运动员;5)內锋运动员的最大功率、平均功率和乳酸显著高于边锋(P<0.05);6)在不同距离跑动能力方面,不同位置运动员的能力有所不同。结论:1)手球运动员的有氧能力与足球、曲棍球运动员水平相近,低于篮球运动员;2)我国运动员的有氧能力接近世界级水平;3)內锋运动员的有氧能力显著高于中卫;4)我国手球运动员的爆发力低于足球、曲棍球项目运动员的爆发力,速度耐力能力与另两项目运动员水平接近;5)我国手球运动员的无氧能力与世界级运动员相比存在较大差距;6)內锋运动员的无氧能力显著高于边锋。Objective：The purpose of this study was to determine the aerobic and anaerobic capabilities of elite handball players through analyzing and testing of different location of the handball players＇ aerobic and anaerobic capacity,and provide the basis for individual function evaluation,training effect evaluation and individual training arrangements.Methods：Thirty-six elite handball players took part in this study.The subjects performed an incremental treadmill test to determine the maximal oxygen uptake,and a Wingate anaerobic test to determine maximal power（Wmax）,mean power and fatigue index.Results：1）TheVO_2max values of Guangdong handball players were similar to that of the international handball players.2）TheVO_2max values of inside forward players were higher than that of center-back players（P〈0.05）.3）The absolute values of Wmax and mean power of Guangdong handball players were lower than national handball player.4）The absolute and relative values of Wmax,the values of blood lactate of our handball players were lower than the international handball players.5）The absolute values of Wmax,mean power and blood lactate of inside forward players were higher than wingers（P〈0.05）.6）The handball players playing different position presented differences in performance of sprint and running.Conclusions：1）The aerobic capabilities of handball players were similar to hockey and soccer players and were lower than basketball players.2）The aerobic capabilities of the elite handball players of our country were similar to international handball players.3）Inside forward players had higher aerobic capabilities than center-back players.4）The explosive forces of handball players were lower than soccer and hockey players.The levels of speed endurance were similar in handball,soccer and hockey players.5）Our country＇s handball players had lower anaerobic capabilities than the international handball players.6）The inside forward players had better anaerobic capabilities than wingers.

关 键 词：手球 最大吸氧量 无氧功测试 血乳酸 

分 类 号：G844[文化科学—体育训练]