将“症候解读”引入文学批评——马舍雷的文学生产理论  

The Introduction of Symptomatic Reading into Literary Criticism——Pierre Macherey’s Theory of Literary Production

作　　者：姚文放[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学文学院

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2016年第1期112-118,共7页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"从形式主义到历史主义--晚近文学理论‘向外转’的深层机理探究"(11AZW001);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)阶段性成果

摘　　要：马舍雷将阿尔都塞关于"症候解读"及其生产性的理论引进了文学批评,从而提出了文学生产理论。但他所说"生产"不是在文学创作过程中进行,而是在文学阅读和批评过程中发生。这种生产并不是对作品表层意义的确认,而是对作品无意识层面的深层意义的揭示。文学批评对于具体作品中无意识暴露出来的"症候"解读,促进了知识增长和思想建构,从而具有较之通常意义上的"生产"毫不逊色的生产性。马舍雷还通过哲学界定,确认了"症候解读"乃是文学批评发挥生产性作用的重要途径。事隔多年,马舍雷关于"文学生产"的观点仍不乏一致性,而且进一步提出"文学哲学"的概念,揭晓了"症候解读"生产性功能的后现代性质。Basing on his introduction of Althusser＇s ＂symptomatic reading＂ and its productive theory into literary criticism, Pierre Macherey puts forward the theory of literary production. But what he calls ＂production＂, which is not the affirmation of a work＇s surface meaning but the reveal of the deep meaning of the work＇s unconscious level, does not happen in the process of literary creation, but rather in the process of literature reading and criticism. The literary criticism＇s reading to the ＂symptomatic＂, which is exposed unconsciously in specific works, promotes the growth of knowledge and the construc- tion of thought, thus paralleling the normal meaning of production in the aspect of producthility. Ma- cherey also affirms that ＂symptomatic reading＂ is one of the important ways to develop the literary criticism＇s productbility by his philosophy definition. Generally speaking, the view of Macherey＇s ＂lit- erary production＂ still retains its consistency after many years. Furthermore, he proposes the concept of ＂literary philosophy＂, making the postmodern nature of symptomatic reading＇s productbility known to the world.

关 键 词：症候解读 文学批评 马舍雷 文学生产理论 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]