从个别干预到全民预防:美国“强健开端”课程及启示  

From Single Intervention to Comprehensive Prevention: the Strong Start Curriculum of America and Its Inspiration

作　　者：陈琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国教育科学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2016年第1期57-65,共9页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：中国教育科学研究院基本科研业务费专项基金课题"儿童社会情绪能力发展现状的调查"(编号:GY2014XDY58)

摘　　要：改变传统的心理健康服务机制,从注重个别干预转向倡导全民预防,是近年来国外学校心理健康教育的一大趋势。美国"强健开端"课程立足于全体儿童,通过10个单元的基本课程和两个可选择的强化课程,教授儿童关键的社会情绪概念和应对策略,提高儿童的社会情绪能力,有助于降低儿童社会和情绪问题出现的可能性。这一课程在实践中被证明是科学有效和便于实施的。美国"强健开端"课程同时还开发了基于优势评价的"社会情绪优势和心理弹性量表",将对儿童社会情绪能力的评价与干预和心理健康促进有效地结合起来。美国"强健开端"课程在强调儿童社会认知、情感和行为发展的一致性、关注儿童社会情绪能力的发展、注重儿童对真实生活世界的体验等方面的经验对于我国幼儿园社会教育具有重要的启示。A remarkable trend of education on mental health in recent years is that more and more schools are now changing from single intervention to comprehensive prevention. The Strong Start Curriculum of America emphasizes teaching students the crucial social-emotional concepts and coping strategies through ten basic lessons and two booster lessons in order to improve their social-emotional competency and decrease the probability of children＇s social-emotional problem. The curriculum is an evidence-based and easy to use program. The Social Emotional Assets and Resilience Scales developed by the Strong Start Curriculum relate the assessment of student＇s social-emotional competence to interview and promotion of mental promotion. The emphasis on children＇s consistent development of social cognition, emotion and behavior, the development of children＇s social-emotional competence, and children＇s experience on real life can give us much inspiration to improve our social education in kindergarten.

关 键 词：“强健开端”课程 社会情绪能力 幼儿园社会教育 

分 类 号：G612[文化科学—学前教育学]