核磁共振技术在土壤-植物-大气连续体研究中的应用  

Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance in the study of soil-plant-atmosphere continuum

作　　者：要世瑾 杜光源[3] 牟红梅[1,2] 冯浩[2,4] 白江平[5] 何建强[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学理学院,陕西杨凌712100 [4]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [5]甘肃农业大学甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2016年第1期315-326,共12页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2013AA102904);国家自然科学基金项目(51209176;31201122);高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(B12007)资助~~

摘　　要：植物体内的水分状态与传输过程是土壤-植物-大气连续体(SPAC)水分传输理论的核心内容,也是研究植物水分利用与调控的基础.植物体内水分的传输过程受外界环境影响较大,植物需要通过对体内水分状态的适当调整来适应环境变化和维持自身的生长发育.由于蒸发通量、压力室、高压流速仪、热脉冲等传统检测方法往往会对植株造成破坏和损伤,因此难以准确反映和定量描述植物体内水分传输的真实过程.核磁共振技术(NMR)由于其无损、非侵入的特点,在植物水分分布和传输相关研究中日益得到关注.本文概述了NMR在检测植物体内水分分布、传输以及含量测定等方面的研究进展,还分析了目前NMR技术在SPAC系统研究中存在的问题及可能的解决方法,并指出NMR技术将来可能在植物水分生理、植物与环境互作以及水分代谢等相关研究领域的应用.NMR技术在SPAC系统研究中的应用在我国仍处于初级阶段,开发户外便携式、开放式检测仪器是NMR技术在SPAC研究领域进一步应用和推广的关键所在.Status and transport of water in plant body are the main contents of study of soil-plantatmosphere continuum（ SPAC）,as well as the base for use and regulation of agricultural water.The process of water transport in plant can be deeply influenced by the environments. Thus,plant needs to adjust its water status to accommodate the environmental change to sustain its own growth and development. Traditional methods for plant water monitoring,such as evaporation flux,pressure chamber,high pressure flow meter,heat pulse,and so on,usually cause damage or even destruction of plant body and disturb the original water status. Thus,they are not able to truly and precisely detect and reflect the real water status of plant. Nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR） is a nondestructive and non-invasive technique which can be used for the measurement of water molecular displacement and transportation. This study aimed to provide an overview of the applications of NMR technique in the study of water distribution and transport in plant roots and stems,as well as the water content in plant cells and tissues. In addition,the existing main problems and possible solutions were analyzed for the applications of NMR in SPAC studies. Several important issues were proposed for the acquisition of more precise and reliable detection signals. It was suggested that the NMR technique would probably make important progress in the relevant fields such as plant water physiology,plantenvironment interactions,and water metabolism. In general,the application of NMR in SPAC system study was still in its infancy in China. The deeper application and expansion of NMR in SPAC study would depend on the development of portable and open NMR equipment that could be easily applied for different plants in field.

关 键 词：土壤-植物-大气连续体 核磁共振 植物 水分状态 水分传输 

分 类 号：Q148[生物学—生态学]