地铁车轮磨耗测试及数值仿真  

ANALYSIS OF METRO WHEEL WEAR BASED ON FIELD MEASUREMENT AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION

作　　者：于春广[1] 陶功权[2] 

机构地区：[1]南车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东青岛266111 [2]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《工程力学》2016年第1期201-208,245,共9页Engineering Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51105318;U1361117);教育部博士点基金项目(20130184110005)

摘　　要：对某地铁线路的车轮磨耗进行了跟踪测试,掌握了该线路车轮磨耗特征;从轮轨关系研究的角度,分析了轮缘异常磨耗的原因;建立了地铁车辆动力学仿真模型,结合基于磨耗功的车轮磨耗评价方法,提出了车轮磨耗减缓措施。车轮磨耗测试结果表明,该线路地铁车轮以轮缘磨耗为主,且存在轮缘偏磨现象;轮缘缺乏润滑和线路小半径曲线分布不对称是造成轮缘磨耗过大和轮缘偏磨的主要原因。仿真结果表明,适当降低一系纵向刚度有利于减缓车轮磨耗;采用轮缘润滑或小半径曲线外轨轨侧涂油等方式降低摩擦系数,能显著降低轮缘和轨侧磨耗,摩擦系数每减小0.05,轮轨磨耗将降低约16.1%;载客量的大小对轮轨磨耗具有一定的影响,轴重每增加1 t,轮轨磨耗将增大约4.8%。针对所调查的地铁线路实际情况,建议对小半径曲线外轨采取涂油措施,以减小轮缘和轨侧磨耗;此外,定期对车辆进行掉头运行,以减缓轮缘偏磨现象。The wear characteristics of wheels for one metro line were acquired through tracking measurement. The reason for the abnormal wear in wheel flanges was analyzed from the point of view of wheel/rail interaction. A dynamics model for the metro vehicles was developed and then used with the evaluation method of wheel wear based on wear work to research measures to mitigate wheel wear. The results of wheel wear measurement show that the magnitude of wheel flange wear is greater than that of wheel tread wear, and asymmetric wheel flange wear occurs on the same wheelset. The lack of lubrication and the asymmetrical distribution of sharp curved track are the main reason for excessive and asymmetric wear in the wheel flanges. The results of numerical simulation show that a proper decrease in the longitudinal stiffness of primary suspension can mitigate wheel wear. Lubricating wheel flanges and/or gauge corners of high rail can evidently reduce wheel flange wear and rail side wear. A decrease in coefficient of friction by 0.05 led to a reduction in wheel/rail wear of about 16.1%. Passenger capacity has also some influence on wheel/rail wear. Wheel/rail wear will increase by about 4.8% when the axle load increases by one ton. For the actual metro line investigated in this paper, it is proposed that the rail side of high rail of sharp curved track be lubricated in order to mitigate wheel flange wear and rail side wear. In addition, periodic reversing of the train can retard asymmetric wear in the wheel flanges.

关 键 词：地铁车轮 轮轨磨耗 数值仿真 曲线通过 车辆动力学 

分 类 号：U211.5[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]