王阳明“身体”哲学的生态维度  

On Ecological Thought of Wang Yang-mings Philosophy of“Body”

作　　者：赵宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学哲学社会学学院

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2015年第4期66-75,共10页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：近几年来,环境伦理学的关注点主要集中于对人与自然之间关系的探讨,这其中忽视了一个重要的维度,即对人自身"身心"关系的探讨。从人的"身心"关系来考察人与自然的关系,是一种回到原点的方式。不可否认,比人与自然的疏离更为先在的是人自身"心灵"与"肉体"的分离,西方自柏拉图到笛卡儿,发展出一条"身心"二分的哲学传统,将"心灵"视为宇宙主宰,"肉体"视为堕落之源。启蒙运动以后,人类更加"唯理性独尊","身体"与"自然"同时被理性"祛魅",从人们的视线中隐退。与西方"意识"哲学的传统有所不同,以王阳明为代表的儒家"身体"哲学中蕴含有极其深刻的生态智慧:从宇宙论层面,人与自然万物同处于一个有机的生态整体,共同体现了天地"生生"之仁性,这个基本的事实是可以通过身体"体知"到的,这就与西方环境伦理学将人与自然的一体关系建立在"认知"的基础上有所不同;方法论层面,王阳明以"身体"为隐喻,形象生动地揭示了自身"小我"与宇宙"大我"的统一关系,并且以"身心"的和谐隐喻人与自然的和谐;境界论层面,王阳明的"身体"具有超越性,通过"知行合一"的亲身实践,不仅能够实现一种生态的道德境界,而且还能够在生态的审美境界中与自然和谐共处。解决生态危机必须从根本上反思西方固有的思维模式,从不同的文化传统中汲取智慧,对比中西不同的"身体"观能够为当下生态危机的解决提供线索。In the past few years, the study of environmental ethics has focused on the relationship between human and nature but ignored an important part,the relationship between＂body＂and＂mind＂. It is a way to return to the origin to investigate the relationship between human and nature from the perspective of the relationship between＂body＂and＂mind＂. It is undeniable that the alienation of body and mind is prior to that of human and nature.According to the western philosophy, from Plato to Descartes,＂mind＂is usually regarded as the master of the universe while＂body＂as the source of degeneration, which is a tradition of dichotomy. After the disenchantment of Enlightenment,＂reason＂became the only thing respected in preference to＂body＂and＂nature＂. Different from the traditional western philosophy of consciousness, Wang Yang-mings philosophy, a representative of Confucianism,contains profound ecological wisdom. From the perspective of cosmology, human and all other beings coexist in an organic ecological community, presenting the characteristics of nature in＂generating lives＂. Such a basic fact can be known through＂body＂in Wang Yang-ming’s philosophy, different from western environmental ethics which builds the relationship between human and nature on＂mind＂. From the perspective of methodology, Wang’s philosophy not only vividly reveals the unified relationship between＂ego＂and＂self＂through the metaphor of＂body＂, but also demonstrates the harmony between human and nature through the metaphor of the harmony between＂body＂and＂mind＂. From the perspective of bourn theory, Wang s ideology of＂body＂is of transcendence through the effort unifying knowing and doing, consisting of an ecological moral bourn and an ecological aesthetic bourn. To solve the ecological crisis, it is essential to reflect on the western inherent thinking mode and absorb wisdom from different cultures. Comparing the two different philosophies about＂body＂may provide us a clue to the so

关 键 词：“身体” 生态危机 “万物一体” 超越 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]