论李伯元对科举制度的否定及其对选官制度的探索  

On Li Boyuan's Negation of Imperial Examination System and His Exploration to Officials Selection System

作　　者：刘久顺[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学文学与新闻传播学院,北京100081 [2]菏泽学院文学与传播系,山东菏泽274015

出　　处：《中国文学研究》2016年第1期57-61,共5页Research of Chinese Literature

摘　　要：考察李伯元的《官场现形记》《中国现在记》《文明小史》,我们可以看出李伯元认为科举制度对应试者的道德衡量没有保障、以"四书五经"为基础的八股文考试空疏无用,否定集权的考官制度,这些否定性的科举观念是对清代小说家科举观的总结。在此基础上,他预感科举即将废除,对科举改革表示赞赏、对改革的弊端提出了批评,还对选官制度进行了积极探索。究其原因,对考官不满的心理动机、拯时济世的热切愿望、科举将废的时代潮流是促使他在小说中否定科举、探索新制的几个重要因素。When studying on Reveal of Officialdom, Current China, A Brief History of Enlightenment, we can find Li Boyuan＇s negation of moral measure in imperial examination system, the eight-legged essays examination based on ＂classics＂ and the centralized examiner system. Theso negative concept to imperial examination was a summary novelists＂ ideas during Qing dynasty. On this basis, he had a foreboding of the ＇abolition of imperial examination, expressed appreciation to the imperial reform, criticized the malpractice of imperial reform, and actively explored selecting officers. To analyze the reasons, motivations of dissatisfaction to examiner, the fervent desire to save the world and the trend that the imperial examination would be abolished pushed him to negate the imperial examination and explored the new system in his novels.

关 键 词：李伯元 科举 否定 《官场现形记》 《中国现在记》 《文明小史》 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]