氮磷配施对青稞生长发育及产量的影响  

Effect of Mixed Application of N and P on Growth and Yield of Highland Barley

作　　者：马瑞萍[1] 韦泽秀[1] 卓玛[1] 曲航[2] 

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区农牧科学院农业资源与环境研究所,西藏拉萨850000 [2]西藏自治区农牧科学院,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2015年第6期2577-2585,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划"‘藏青2000’青稞新品种生态适应性研究"(2013BAD30B01)

摘　　要：为确定拉萨青稞田氮、磷肥的最佳施用量及最佳配比。通过田间试验,研究了氮肥(N)4个水平,分别为:(N1)0 kg·hm-2、(N2)75 kg·hm-2、(N3)150 kg·hm-2、(N4)225 kg·hm-2,磷肥(P2O5)5个水平,分别为:(P1)0 kg·hm-2、(P2)45 kg·hm-2、(P3)90 kg·hm-2、(P4)135 kg·hm-2、(P5)180 kg·hm-2,采用完全随机区组设计共20个处理,研究对青稞出苗数、相对叶绿素含量、株高、生物量积累、产量构成因子以及产量的影响。结果表明:N1、N2低氮水平有利于青稞出苗。叶片相对叶绿素含量在青稞各个生育期均随着施氮水平的增加而增加。N2水平下,青稞生物量积累较大,青稞分蘖相对较多,且灌浆后期不易倒伏,灌浆较充分,千粒重较大,有利于青稞产量的提高。P4水平有利于青稞出苗以及实际经济产量的提高。在N2P4、N2P5、N3P4处理下产量相对较高,达到了4000 kg·hm-2以上,N3P4最高产量(4043.3 kg·hm-2)较N3P2最低产量(2180 kg·hm-2)提高了1863.3 kg·hm-2,即N2、N3与P4水平的配施,对于提高青稞实际产量增效显著。Field experiments by 20 treatments with a completely random block design from four levels for nitrogen and five standards for phos- phorus[（N1） 0kg·hm-2, （N2） 75 kg·hm-2, （N3） 150 kg·hm-2, （N4） 225 kg·hm-2; （PI） 0 kg·hm-2, （P2） 45 kg·hm-2, （P3） 90 kg·hm-2, （P4）135 kg·hm-2, （P5）180 kg·hm-2] were carried out to study the effects of mixed application of N and P on the emergence rate, SPAD, height, biomass accumulation, yield and yield components of naked barley. The results showed that the nitrogen levels of N~ and N2 were in favour of emergence rate. SPAD increased along with the increase of nitrogen in number of quantity at each growth period of highland barley. Higher yields with a large number of biomass accumulation, relatively more tillering and solidity to lodge would be got more likely under the treatments of N2 level because of the biggish thousand kernel weight which was profit from a fully grouting. Under P4 level, there was beneficial to emergence and yield. There was a relatively high yield, more than 4000 kg·hm-2, with N2Pa, N2P5 and N3P4 treatments. Actual production of highland barley increased from 2180 kg. hm-2 in the N3P2 treatment to 4043.3 kg·hm-2 in the N3P4 treatment, increasing by 1863.3 kg·hm-2, consequently. It was concluded that the mixed application of N2 ,N3 and P4 had a remarkable effect on the improvement of actual production of Highland Barley.

关 键 词：青稞 氮磷配施 产量 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S143.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]