精养克氏原螯虾池塘底泥微生物群落特征分析  

Microflora characteristics of sediment from Procambarus clarkii intensive culture pond

作　　者：秦伟[1,2] 周鑫[1,2] 周文全[1] 胡亚成 柏爱旭[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心/农业部淡水渔业和种质资源利用重点实验室,江苏无锡214081 [3]淮安出入境检验检疫局,江苏淮安223001

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2015年第12期2209-2216,共8页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：江苏省科技支撑计划项目(BE2013378);江苏省水产三项工程项目(201312)

摘　　要：【目的】分析克氏原螫虾不同放养密度和水草覆盖率下池塘底泥微生物群落结构特征，为构建克氏原螯虾的健康养殖模式提供参考依据。【方法】以底部埋有生物饵料培养基的克氏原螯虾池塘为研究对象，利用PCR．DGGE和基因测序技术，研究不同放养密度（375、600kg／ha）和水草覆盖率（20％、35％）条件下的底泥微生物菌落结构特征；2种放养密度和2种水草覆盖率按随机区组排列，设4个处理组（A、B、C和D组），每组重复2次。【结果】4个处理组4～6月池塘底泥中微生物种类和数量均存在一定差异，各处理组池塘底泥微生物的Shannon．Wiener指数分别为3．03、3．35、3．24和3．40，以D组池塘底泥微生物种类最丰富。UPGMA分析结果表明，不同月份不同处理组的池塘底泥微生物群落结构相似度偏低，而B组在4月和5月聚成一支，相似度相对较高（在65％以上），各样品在时间上的相似度总体上高于空间相似度。4组池塘底泥微生物克隆主要隶属于4个门：变形菌门（45％）、绿弯菌门（36％）、拟杆菌门（11％）、螺旋体门（7％），其中绿弯菌门的绿弯菌属占主要优势，占总细菌比例为19％。【结论】在底埋培养基的克氏原螯虾池塘中，放养密度和水草覆盖率对底泥菌群结构及组成多样性均有影响，以虾放养密度600kg/ha、水草覆盖率35％的池塘底泥微生物多样性指数和丰富度指数最高，更有利于维持池塘底质微生态的稳定。[ Objective]In order to provide scientific basis for establishing healthy aquaculture model of Procambarus clarkii, the present experiment was conducted to analyse microbial community characteristics of sediment from P. clarkii intensive culture pond at different stocking densities and coverage rates of aquatic weed. [Method]P. clarkii intensive cul- ture pond was taken as research objects, and the biological bait medium was buried at the bottom of pond. The microbial community characteristics of pond sediment at two coverage rates of aquatic weed （20%, 35%） and two stocking densities （375, 600 kg/ha） were studied by using PCR-DGGE and DNA sequencing technology. And according to randomized block design, the present experiment included 4 treatment groups （A, B, C and D ）, and each treatment group repeated twice. [Result]The results showed that, there were many differences in microbial species and amounts in the sediments from April to June between different treatment groups. And the microbial Shannon-Wiener indexes of 4 treatment groups were 3.03, 3.35, 3.24 and 3.40, respectively, especially Group D with the most abundant microbial species. UPGMA analysis results showed that, there existed low similarities of microbial community structure in different months between sediments of different treatment groups. However, the Group B had higher similarity （65%） in April and May. On the whole, the similarity of all samples in time was higher than that in space. The diversity of microbial components showed that microbes in sediments of 4 treatment groups mainly belonged to four phyla： Proteobacteria（45%）, Chloroflexi（36%）, Bacteroides （11%）, Leptonema （7%）, and which were dominated by Chloroflexus sp. of Chloroflexi accounting for 19% of all bacteria. [Conclusion ]In the P. clarkii culture pond with biological bait medium, both stocking density and coverage rate of aquatic weed have some effects on structure and diversity of microbe in sediments. Therefore, the microbial diversity and ric

关 键 词：克氏原螯虾 培养基 池塘底质 微生物群落 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]