从晶体光学到液晶光学—液晶物理的光学研究方法进展  

From crystal optics to liquid crystal optics—the development of optical techniques for studying liquid crystal physics

作　　者：杨傅子[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学化学系,北京100084

出　　处：《液晶与显示》2016年第1期1-39,共39页Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays

基　　金：清华大学科研发展基金(No.120050121)~~

摘　　要：液晶材料的光学测试和光学应用是液晶物理的主要研究手段和应用领域。所以液晶的光学研究方法也是随着液晶学科研究的逐步深入而不断发展,并反过来又推动液晶这一诱人学科进入更加色彩绚丽的胜景。本综述主要是以液晶这一学科发展的历史纵向为轴线,介绍和评述了在液晶研究领域中,诸多常规的以单体晶体光学为基础的光学研究方法、原理、应用以及液晶物理研究中的局限和错误。考虑大多实际测试和应用中液晶材料是锚泊和局限在液晶盒中,本综述着重介绍了以多层各向同性-各向异性介质薄膜系统为基础的液晶光学研究方法,以正确地描述液晶(盒)的光学测试和响应。其中,以现代光学为基础发展起来的光导波技术、光学表面波技术及它们之间的相互作用及耦合影响、液晶材料对其调制及应用等等,都作了较为详细地介绍和比较。近年刚刚开拓发展的,作为有机各向异性材料的液晶与无机各向异性材料的异型金属纳米颗粒的有序混合物,在液晶(盒)器件中的表现及应用前景和对于光学测试及表征的的挑战,也加以介绍和讨论。Optical measurements and the optical application of liquid crystal materials are the main re- search techniques and areas of practical implementation in liquid crystal physics. It follows that, just as the optical methods for studying liquid crystals continually advance in step with widening compre- hensions and deepening understandings in the discipline of liquid crystals, so those optical methods themselves drive the fascinating study of liquid crystals to evermore spectacular outlooks. Travelling along the timeline of developments in the liquid crystal field, this review introduces and analyses cer- tain standard optical techniques found in liquid crystal research that are based upon a single crystal model, including a consideration of their principles, applications, limitations and fallacies. Further, in view of how liquid crystal materials are anchored and limited to a thin cell gap during most incidences of optical measurements and applications, this review focuses on introducing a technique of liquid crys-tal optics based upon a multi-layered system of anisotropic-isotropic films, which correctly describes the optical measurement and response of liquid crystal cells, Also included are detailed introductions to and comparisons of recent developments in modern optics, such as optical guided waves and optical surface waves, their interactions, coupling influences, modulation by liquid crystals, and their appli- cations, etc. Finally, this review introduces and discusses a very recently developed material -- that composed of an ordered mixture of liquid crystals, an organic anisotropic material, and metallic non- spherical nano-particles, an inorganic anisotropic material -- its behaviour in liquid crystal cells, its potential applications, and the challenge it presents to optical measurements and modelling.

关 键 词：晶体光学 液晶光学 液晶物理 光导波 光学表面波 

分 类 号：O469[理学—凝聚态物理] O43[理学—电子物理学]