基于动态切换的城市轨道交通车站应急疏散模型  

Emergency Evacuation Model of Urban Rail Transit Station Based on Dynamic Switching Pattern

作　　者：洪玲[1] 徐瑞华[1] 段晓英[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学道路与交通工程教育部重点实验室,上海201804

出　　处：《同济大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第1期87-94,共8页Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71271153)

摘　　要：基于应急条件下乘客可能采取的最近疏散行为、退避疏散行为、从众疏散行为、回返疏散行为、均衡疏散行为等5种主要疏散行为对乘客吸引力的动态变化,构建了基于应急信息刺激的乘客疏散行为动态切换的3层模型体系.对不同微观行人仿真模型的优缺点进行分析,构建了融合应急行为决策模型、A*算法、社会力模型的应急疏散联合仿真体系.最后,利用实际城市轨道交通车站的应急疏散调查数据,对模型参数进行了标定,并对仿真效果进行了验证.Five evacuation behaviors, including the shortest evacuation behavior, avoidance evacuation behavior, herd evacuation behavior, returning evacuation behavior and equilibrium evacuation behavior, were analyzed and modelled in detail. Then a three-layer evacuation model system of dynamic switching pattern was developed based on emergency information stimulation. After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of different microscopic pedestrian simulation models, a joint simulation system, which contains emergency evacuation decision-making model, A-star algorithm and social force model, was built. Finally, with the actual survey data of emergency evacuation of urban rail transit stations, the parameters of the model were calibrated and the simulation results were verified.

关 键 词：城市轨道交通车站 应急疏散行为 动态切换 应急疏散决策模型 

分 类 号：U293.1[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]