一株既产表面活性剂又高效降解石油烃菌株的鉴定及降解效果  

Identification of A Surfactant-producing and Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degrading Strain and Its Degradation Efficiency

作　　者：刘虹[1] 王航[2] 汪雪格[3] 刘娜[2] 温钢[4] 付净[1] 翦英红[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林化工学院资源与环境工程学院,吉林吉林132022 [2]吉林大学环境与资源学院,吉林长春130021 [3]松辽水环境科学研究所,吉林长春130021 [4]吉林化工学院生物与食品工程学院,吉林吉林132022

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2015年第12期2035-2039,共5页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41302185)

摘　　要：在修复石油烃污染的环境时,多采用表面活性剂增强修复效果,而一些微生物既能降解石油烃,又能代谢分泌表面活性剂,从而促进油的乳化,提高油的分散程度,增大菌株和油珠的接触面积,提高其对石油烃的降解,增强修复效果。该研究从石油污染土壤中筛选出一株既产生物表面活性剂又高效降解石油烃的菌株B-6。通过观察形态特征、生理生化试验及16S r DNA序列分析,对菌株进行鉴定。并研究了菌株产生物表面活性剂及降解石油烃的特性。实验结果表明,B-6初步鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)。菌株B-6的发酵液经粗提后,得到黄褐色粘稠状生物表面活性剂粗品,其产量为2.19 g·L^(-1)。红外光谱分析表明,菌株B-6在代谢过程中能产生糖脂类生物表面活性物质。该菌株用于水中石油烃的降解,石油烃初始浓度为2 000 mg·L^(-1),120 r·min^(-1)、30℃下振荡培养5 d后,菌株对石油烃的降解率达99.13%。A great amount of petroleum hydrocarbons inevitably enter the environment as a result of oil leakage in oil exploitation,transport,production and processing,which lead to soil and groundwater contamination.In oil contaminated sites,most of petroleum hydrocarbons are adsorbed on soil or other medium and wrapped in pore medium by capillary force.Surfactant can be employed to enhance efficiency in remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons pollution.There exists biosurfactant- producing microbes which are capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons and surfactants can be produced in its metabolic,which promote the oil emulsion,improve the dispersion degree of oil,increase contact between strain and oil droplet,improve the microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons and strengthen the remediation effect.A biosurfactant-producing stain designated as B-6 which was capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons was screened out from crude oil-contaminated soil.The strain was identified based on morphological characteristics,physiological and biochemical test and 16 s rDNA sequence analysis.The characteristics of surfactant producing and petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation were studied.The results showed that the strain was preliminary identified as Pseudomonas sp.and the crude biosurfactant produced was tan,viscous solid with yield 2.19 g·L^(-1).Infrared spectrum analysis indicated that glycolipid biosufactant was produced by strain B-6 in its metabolic process.In biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons,it revealed that petroleum hydrocarbon degradation rate of the strain was up to 99.13%after the strain incubated in a rotary shaker at 30 °C and 120 r·min^(-1) for 5 days and initial concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons was 2 000 mg·L^(-1).

关 键 词：产生物表面活性剂 石油烃 降解 鉴定 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]