不同夏玉米品种对镉、铅积累与转运的差异性田间研究  

Variety Difference of Cadmium and Lead Accumulation and Translocation in Summer Maize

作　　者：孙洪欣[1] 赵全利[2] 薛培英[1] 杨铮铮[1] 杨阳[1] 王倩倩[1] 刘峰 唐铁朝 刘文菊[1] 申嘉澍 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北保定071000 [2]河北农业大学教学试验场,河北保定071000 [3]河北省农业环境保护监测站,河北石家庄050035 [4]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100101

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2015年第12期2068-2074,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：河北省高等学校创新团队领军人才培育计划(LJRC016);国家自然科学基金项目(41471398)

摘　　要：随着工农业的发展,土壤重金属污染问题日益严重,农作物重金属超标现象频发。为筛选出具有镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)低积累潜力且产量较高的夏玉米(Zea mays)品种,该研究采用田间小区试验和室内分析相结合的方法,在府河污灌区选取有代表性的农田,探讨华北地区适种的9个夏玉米品种对Cd、Pb积累与转运的潜力差异。结果表明:夏玉米产量、玉米籽实中Cd、Pb含量在品种间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。其中,先玉335产量为12 389 kg·hm^(-2),比其他品种高出32%~93%;玉米籽实中Cd含量最低的是先玉335,为0.004 4 mg·kg^(-1),比其他品种低7%~45%;Pb含量最低的是洛玉803,为0.027 3 mg·kg^(-1),比其他品种低37%~50%,且玉米籽实中Cd、Pb含量均未超过食品安全国家标准的食品中污染物限量标准(GB 2762─2012);对玉米籽实和秸秆中的Cd、Pb含量进行聚类分析可知,秀青74-9、冀农1号、先玉335、肃玉1号和伟科702均属于籽实、秸秆中Cd、Pb低积累类群。综合玉米产量、玉米地上部Cd、Pb含量、富集系数、转运系数等指标综合评价,可以筛选出先玉335为既高产且可食部分籽实具有低积累Cd、Pb潜力的品种,适宜在华北地区Cd、Pb轻度污染区推广种植。With the development of industry and agriculture,the heavy metals pollution problem in soils and crops is increasingly serious,A Field experiment was carried out to study the differences of cadmium and lead accumulation and translocation in 9cultivars of summer maize in North China,which aimed to screen summer maize cultivars with low accumulation ability of Cd,Pb in the irrigation farmland of the Fu River.There was a significant difference(P<0.05) in yields,heavy metals(Cd,Pb) concentrations in grains and straws among 9 varieties.Xianyu-335 had the highest yield at 12 389 kg·hm^(-2),32%to 93%higher than those of other cultivars;Moreover,Xianyu-335 had the minimum concentrations of Cd in grains at 0.004 4 mg·kg^(-1),7%to 45%lower than those of other varieties;Luoyu-803 had the minimum concentrations of Pb in grains at 0.027 3 mg·kg^(-1),37%to 50%lower than those of other varieties,and the concentrations of Cd,Pb of grains for all cultivars were less than the Maximum levels of contaminants in foods(GB 2762—2012).Cluster analysis of the heavy metal(Cd,Pb) concentrations in grains and straws shows that the 9 cultivars could be sorted into three groups.Jinong-1,Xianyu-335,Suyu-1 and Weike-702 were Cd,Pb low-accumulation cultivars in the grains and straws.Based on yields,Cd and Pb levels in grains and straws,the Bioaccumulation Factors(BAFs) and the Translocation Factors(TFs) of Cd and Pb from straws to grains,cultivars of Xianyu-335 was selected with high yields and low accumulation of Cd,Pb in summer maize,and should be suitable and extended in farmland contaminated lightly with Cd,Pb in north China.

关 键 词：夏玉米 镉 铅 积累与转运 品种差异 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]