近30年来白洋淀湿地演变驱动因子分析  

Analysis of driving forces of Baiyangdian wetland evolution during 1984-2013

作　　者：张敏[1,2,3] 宫兆宁[1,2,3] 赵文吉[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048 [2]三维信息获取与应用教育部重点实验室,北京100048 [3]资源环境与地理信息系统北京市重点实验室,北京100048

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2016年第2期499-507,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家国际科技合作专项项目(2014DFA21620)资助

摘　　要：湿地是水陆相互作用形成的独特生态系统,其面积极易受到气候变化和人类活动的影响。本文以华北最大的天然湖泊湿地白洋淀为例,利用1984—2013年的11期遥感影像数据,提取湿地信息,对湿地面积变化特征进行分析;采用主成分分析方法,从气候、经济、人口和农业等方面选取13个因子,分析1984—2013年这些因子对白洋淀湿地面积变化的影响,揭示影响湿地面积变化的主要驱动因子。结果表明,白洋淀湿地面积先增加再减少之后又缓慢增加,总体呈下降趋势,由1998年前的平均25008 hm2下降到1998年后的平均21573 hm2;引起白洋淀湿地面积变化的主导驱动因子是社会经济发展、农业发展和降水量减少,其中社会经济发展是最主要的因素;为了遏制湿地面积减少的势头,应该有效地控制上游水量的使用,提高水资源利用率,从根本上减少人类活动对白洋淀湿地的压力,使自然入淀水量增加。Wetland is an ecosystem formed by the interaction of land and water, whose size is highly susceptible to climate change and human activities. In this report, we sampled Baiyangdian wetland, the largest natural lake wetland in the North China, by extracting and analyzing wetland information from the eleven remote sensing images during 1984-2013. Thirteen parameters derived from the climate, economic, population and agricultural aspects were evaluated by principal component analysis and the major driving forces affecting the wetland size were determined. The results revealed that the wetland size increased first and then decreased, followed by a slow and gradual increase with an overall descendent trend. The total area of Baiyangdian wetland was on average 25008 hm2 during 1984-1997 and 21573 hmz during 1998-2013. Social and economic development, agricultural development and precipitation reduction were major driving factors, and social and economic developments were the most significant contributing factor. To curb the decreasing trend of the wetland size, we should effectively control the use of upstream water, im- prove water use efficiency, and essentially reduce the pressure of human activities on the wetland, thus naturally increasing water input in the wetland.

关 键 词：主成分分析 驱动力 白洋淀 湿地 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]