大渡河老鹰岩河段的水生生物群落结构及水质评价  

Community Structure of Aquatic Community and Evaluation of Water Quality in Laoyingyan Section of Dadu River

作　　者：黄尤优[1,2,3] 曾燏[1,2] 刘守江[4] 马永红[1,2] 胥晓[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室,南充637009 [2]西华师范大学生命科学学院,南充637009 [3]成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室,成都610059 [4]西华师范大学国土资源学院,南充637009

出　　处：《环境科学》2016年第1期132-140,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：西华师范大学基本科研项目(14D010);四川省教育厅一般项目(16ZB0177);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51309196)

摘　　要：为了揭示大渡河老鹰岩河段的水生生物群落结构,沿河段自上而下对9个采样断面的藻类植物、浮游动物、底栖无脊椎动物、鱼类进行了采样分析;同时,结合河段实际情况利用专家打分法确定不同生物类群的权值,并通过创建的水质生物综合评价指数(comprehensive evaluation of water quality index,CEWI)对水质进行评价.结果表明:①大渡河老鹰岩河段共采集到藻类植物6门31科56属105种,其中硅藻的物种数量最为丰富;整个河段藻类植物的平均细胞密度为17.9978×10~4 ind·L^(-1),平均生物量为0.446 3 mg·L^(-1);龙头石、礼约河和小水河的藻类种群密度最高;②浮游动物有3门11科12属26种,其中原生动物门最为丰富,占80.77%;整个河段浮游动物的平均密度为40.89 ind·L^(-1),平均生物量为13.26×10^(-3)mg·L^(-1),整体群落组成较为简单,种类和数量偏少;③底栖无脊椎动物有6门14科14属14种,其中昆虫纲最为丰富,占57.16%;礼约河和小水河两条支流中的底栖动物相对分布较多;④水质整体CEWI均值为2.698 28,属轻度污染;各样点CEWI值与各单项水质评价指数间均呈极显著正相关,表现出高度的一致性;此外,松林河和南桠河属中度污染(1<CEWI≤2),而礼约河和老鹰岩一级样点水质清洁(CEWI>3);其中,松林河的水质最差,CEWI值最小,达1.620 7;而礼约河的水质最优,CEWI值最高,达3.954 5;其余样点水质均受到不同程度的轻度污染.In order to understand the aquatic community structure in the Laoyingyan section of the Dadu River,we collected samples from 9 aquatic sampling points along that section,and studied the phycophyta,zooplankton,benthic invertebrate and fish in them;we also used expert scoring method based on the actual situation of the river to weigh different biome.The water quality was evaluated using comprehensive evaluation of water quality index（CEWI）.The results showed that：①there were a total of 105 phycophyta species,belonging to 6 phyla,31 families,and 56 genera in the Laoyingyan section of the Dadu River,among which,diatom species had a higher richness than the others.The mean cell density of the phycophyta was 17.997 8 × 10^-4 ind·L^-1,the mean biomass was0.446 3 mg·L^-1,and the highest population density sites were LTS,LYH and XSH.② there were a total of 26 zooplankton species,belonging to 3 phyla,11 families,and 12 genera,among which,Protozoa had a higher richness than the others,accounting for80.77%of all the zooplankton species;The mean density of the phycophyta was 40.89 ind·L^-1,and the mean biomass was 13.26 ×10^-3 mg·L^-1.The whole community composition was simple,characterized by few species and small population size.③ there were a total of 14 benthic invertebrate species,belonging to 6 phyla,14 families,and 14 genera,among which,insecta had a higher richness than the others,accounting for 57.16%of the benthic invertebrate species.Benthic invertebrate had higher population densities in LYH and XSH.④ The mean CEWI of the whole river water was 2.698 28,characterized by slightly polluted water quality.The CEWI value between every collection point and the individual water quality evaluation index showed a significant positive correlation,manifesting a high consistency.In addition,the water quality of SLH and NYH was mesosaprobic（l CEWI≤2）,and the water quality of LYH and LYY1 was clean（CEWI 3）,among which the worst was SLH with a lowest CEWI of 1.620 7,and the best was LYH with a highes

关 键 词：大渡河 水生生物 群落结构 水质 生物多样性 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]