3种工业有机废弃物对铅锌尾矿生物化学性质及植物生长的影响  

Effects of Three Industrial Organic Wastes as Amendments on Plant Growth and the Biochemical Properties of a Pb/Zn Mine Tailings

作　　者：彭禧柱 杨胜香[1] 李凤梅[1] 曹建兵 彭清静[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉首大学生物资源与环境科学学院,锰锌矿业重金属污染综合防治技术湖南省工程实验室,湖南省2011计划“锰锌钒产业技术”协同创新中心,吉首416000 [2]湘西州花垣县环境保护局,花垣416000

出　　处：《环境科学》2016年第1期301-308,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41561076,41471257,21266008);湖南省高校科技创新团队支持计划项目;湖南省研究生培养创新基地项目(201501);吉首大学校级科研项目(15JDY022)

摘　　要：开展野外田间试验,在铅锌尾矿中添加3种工业有机废物（酒糟、中药渣、蘑菇渣）作为改良剂,从植物生长、营养元素、土壤酶活性、尾矿及植物重金属含量等方面研究其对铅锌尾矿的改良效果.结果表明：①添加酒糟、中药渣、蘑菇渣处理后尾矿中DTPA-Cd、DTPA-Cu、DTPA-Pb和DTPA-Zn含量分别降低了24.2%-27.3%、45.7%-48.3%、18.0%-20.9%和10.1%-14.2%;有机质、铵态氮、有效磷含量分别增加了2.27-2.32倍、12.4-12.8倍和4.04-4.74倍;土壤脱氢酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性分别提高了5.51-6.37倍、1.72-1.96倍、6.32-6.62倍和2.35-2.62倍.②添加酒糟、中药渣、蘑菇渣促进了植物种子萌发和种苗生长,植被盖度分别到达了84%、79%和86%;其中,黑麦草的生物量增加了4.2-5.6倍,狗牙根的生物量增加了15.7-17.3倍;黑麦草和狗牙根地上部分重金属含量均显著降低.③植被盖度、生物量与尾矿基质营养元素和土壤酶活性呈极显著正相关,与尾矿重金属有效态含量呈极显著负相关;植物地上部分重金属含量与尾矿基质营养元素、土壤酶活性呈极显著负相关,与尾矿基质重金属有效态含量呈极显著正相关.综合分析表明,可以将酒糟、中药渣、蘑菇渣作为改良剂用于铅锌尾矿废弃地的生态恢复.A field trial was conducted in an abandoned Pb/Zn mine tailings to evaluate the effectiveness of three industrial wastes[sweet sorghum vinasse（SSV）,medicinal herb residues（MHR） and spent mushroom compost（SMC）]as organic amendments on plant growth,soil nutrients and enzyme activities,and heavy metal concentrations in plant tissues and the mine tailings.The main findings were as follows：① The mean concentrations of diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid（DTPA）-extractable Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn in SSV,MHR and SMC treatments decreased by 24.2%-27.3%,45.7%-48.3%,18.0%-20.9%and 10.1%44.2%as compared to the control tailings.When compared to the control tailings,the mean values of organic matter,ammonium-N and available P in SSV,MHR and SMC treatments increased by 2.27-2.32,12.4-12.8 and 4.04-4.74 times,respectively.Similarly,the addition of SSV,MHR and SMC significantly enhanced soil enzyme activities（dehydrogenase,β-glucosidase,urease and phosphatase）,being 5.51-6.37,1.72-1.96,6.32-6.62 and 2.35-2.62 times higher than those in the control tailings.②The application of these wastes promoted seed germination and seedling growth.The vegetation cover reached 84%,79%and 86%at SSV,MHR and SMC subplots.For Lolium perenne and Cynodon dactylon,the addition of SSV,MHR and SMC led to significant increases in the shoot biomass yields with 4.2-5.6 and 15.7-17.3 times greater than those in the tailings.Moreover,the addition of SSV,MHR and SMC significantly reduced the concentrations of Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn in the shoots of L.perenne and C.dactylon in comparison with the control tailings.③Pearson＇s correlation coefficients showed that the vegetation cover and biomass were positively correlated with soil nutrient elements and enzyme activities.Significant negative correlations were observed between DTPA-extractable metal concentrations and vegetation cover and biomass.The metal concentrations in plants were positively correlated with soil DTPA-extractable metal concentrations and negatively correlated with soil nutrien

关 键 词：铅锌尾矿 工业有机废弃物 基质改良 生物化学性质 植物生长 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X753