中国近现代立法中的现行犯制度——基于法律移植的考察  

On China's Legislation of Flagrante Delicto System in Modern Times:Based on the Study in Legal Transplant

作　　者：吴宏耀[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学诉讼法学研究院"2011计划"司法文明协同创新中心

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2016年第1期59-80,159-160,共22页Journal Of CUPL

基　　金：国家社科基金项目--"现行犯与刑事诉讼的紧急应对机制研究"(项目编号:09CFX062)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：现行犯制度是大陆法系的一项基本刑事诉讼制度。在我国,现行犯制度乃法律移植的产物。清末立法草案模仿法国法引入了现行犯的规定。在民国时期,随着侦查权归属的最终落定,现行犯制度转向紧急逮捕模式并逐渐定型。新中国成立后,1 954年《逮捕拘留条例》模仿民国法制,作为逮捕制度的例外,就现行犯等紧急情形规定了拘留、扭送制度。但是,我国立法中的刑事拘留制度因同时调整现行犯与非现行犯两种性质迥然不同的紧急情形,为立法带来了极大困扰。因此,我国拘留制度的改革应该区分两种情形:就现行犯拘留而言,改革的方向重在效率;就非现行犯拘留而言,则必须立足宪法,重新审视该制度自身的正当性。The flagrante delicto system is a fundamental criminal procedural system in civil law system.The flagrante delicto system in China is a product of transplantation of law.It was introduced to the legislation draft in the late Qing Dynasty by imitating France law.As the affiliation of investigation power had been distributed,the flagrante delicto system in the Republic of China was transferred to emergency arrest model.After the founding of PRC,the Arrest and Detain Regulation in 1954 imitated the system of the Republic of China.As an exception of arrest system,it established the detain,seizure and handing over system to deal with the emergencies like flagrante delicto.However,the system brought about huge difficulties to legislation because of its simultaneous adjustment of the two essentially different emergencies of flagrante delicto and non flagrante delicto.Therefore,China' s detention system should be reformed in two different situations:efficiency should be emphasized in the reformation of detention for flagrante delicto while constitution should be taken as the basis for the detention of non flagrante delicto and its legitimacy should be reviewed.

关 键 词：现行犯 现行犯逮捕 径行拘提 刑事拘留 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]