供氮方式对冬马铃薯氮肥利用效率及氮素去向的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Application Types on Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency and Fate of Fertilizer for Winter-planting Potato

作　　者：韦剑锋[1] 宋书会 梁振华 韦冬萍[1] 韦巧云 梁和[2] 

机构地区：[1]广西科技大学鹿山学院,广西柳州545616 [2]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530005 [3]广西南亚热带农业科学研究所,广西龙州532415

出　　处：《核农学报》2016年第1期178-183,共6页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(2013GXNSFBA019050)

摘　　要：以马铃薯费乌瑞它为试材,采用田间微区^(15)N示踪技术,研究施N量160kg·hm^(-2)全部基施(T1)、55%基施+45%在齐苗期追施(T2)、55%基施+30%在齐苗期追施+15%在现蕾期追施(T3)3种方式,对冬马铃薯氮肥利用效率及去向的影响。结果表明:马铃薯吸收的N约46%~52%来源于当季施用的氮肥,48%~54%来自土壤和种薯;肥料N利用率为35.16%~39.99%,残留率为47.71%~51.78%,损失率为8.23%~15.50%。3种施氮方式下,肥料N主要残留在0~15cm土层。随施氮时间后移,肥料N残留在0~15cm土层呈上升趋势,在15~45cm土层呈下降趋势。施氮方式对马铃薯干物质积累总量和块茎干物质积累量影响不明显,但T3肥料N利用率、肥料N残留率明显大于T1、T2。因此,综合经济效益和环境效益,T3施氮方式的效果较为理想。本研究为马铃薯氮素养分的有效管理提供了指导依据。A micro-plot experiment in field was conducted with^（15） N 160 kg·hm^（-2）total amounts by three kinds of treatments of disposable bottom application nitrogen before sowing（ T1）,55% nitrogen before sowing and 45% nitrogen during seedling stage（ T2）,and 55% nitrogen before sowing,30% nitrogen during seedling stage and 15% nitrogen applied during squaring stage（ T3） to investigate the use efficiency and fate of fertilizer nitrogen using the potato cultivar Favorite. Results showed that almost 46% to 52% of total N uptake by potato came from fertilizer,and 48% to 54% N derived from soil and seed-tuber. The nitrogen use efficiency ranged from 35. 16% to 39. 99%,with15N-fertilizer residue of 47. 71% to 51. 78%,and15N-fertilizer loss of 8. 23% to 16. 98% among three treatments.15N-fertilizer residual mainly distributed in 0 to 15 cm top soil under the three types of nitrogen application. The amounts15N-fertilizer residue in 0 to 15 cm top soil showed a rising trend with delaying nitrogen application,but dropped in 15 to 45 cm soil profile.There was no significant effect of nitrogen application types on accumulation of total dry matter and tuber dry matter of potato,but15N-fertilizer utilization ratio and residue ratio of T3 were significantly higher than T1 and T2. These results indicated that T3 was the suitable nitrogen application types in the view of economic and environmental benefit. And the research provides guidance basis on effective management on nitrogen nutrient of potato.

关 键 词：马铃薯 15N示踪 氮肥利用率 土壤 氮素残留 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]