大学生记忆的自我与专业参照效应:专业认同的作用  

Self-and Major-Reference Effects on Memory in Chinese College Students: The Role of Major Identity

作　　者：谢和平[1] 王磊[2] 杨施羽 李永我 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学心理学院,武汉430079 [2]中南民族大学公共管理学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《心理科学》2016年第1期151-157,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

摘　　要：群体参照效应研究证实社会群体身份及内群体认同对记忆的参照加工具有重要作用。以往研究从大学生的多重社会群体身份角度探讨了内群体记忆加工优势,却忽视了其另一重要群体身份划分标准——专业。本研究结合自我和群体参照范式,设置多个参照条件(自我、专业内群体、专业外群体、语义),从专业身份这一新视角考察大学生记忆的自我与专业参照效应以及专业认同的作用,并对比个体自我与群体自我之间的差异。结果发现:(1)参照自我和专业内群体时的记忆成绩优于参照其他编码条件;(2)相比专业参照,自我参照的记忆效果更佳;(3)专业认同度越高,对专业内群体信息记忆越好。结果提示,大学生的记忆存在自我和专业参照效应,但自我参照效应更强;专业认同是专业参照效应强弱的影响因素之一。Although a substantial body of research has supported that social identity and in-group identity play an important role in the group- reference effect （GRE） on memory, there is still a need to continue the exploration of processing characteristics of memory with reference to some other social identities （Johnson et al., 2002）. College students＇ multiple social identities, for example, schools or nationalities they belong to, were usually investigated in previous studies. However, their major identity, an effective and vital group classification criterion, was often overlooked. Besides, researchers have typically looked at SRE （The Self-Reference Effect） and GRE in a relatively isolated manner, which possibly goes against the discovery of a relationship between the self as an individual and individuals as a group （as of the same major at college） （Bennett et al., 2010）. Moreover, in-group identity has been proved to be an important influential factor of GRE. Through two experiments, combining paradigms of SR （Self-Reference） with GR （Group-Reference）, the aim of present study was to examine whether there was a self- or major-reference effect （MRE） on college students＇ memory and to compare their strengths, and then to explore the role of major identity and to contrast the differences of personal self （as an individual） and collective self （as individuals of certain major）. In Experiment 1, there were three reference conditions （self, major, semantic） with 28 Chinese undergraduates who majored in psychology as participants. All of them had no selection of minor. Each condition was assigned 20 trait words with a total of 60. In the study phase, participants were asked to determine to what extent the current word was suited to describe the referential object. For instance, ＂To what extent the word is suited to describe myself？.＂ or ＂To what extent the word is suited to describe people who major in psychology？＂ and so on. Participants needed to complete a 5

关 键 词：自我参照效应 群体参照效应 专业参照效应 专业认同 记忆 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]